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wt ; SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION _~~ UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Bulletin 131
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO
BY
EARL V. SHANNON
Assistant Curator of Geology, United States National Museum
WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1926
}
ho ; a 1a Re
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Bulletin 131
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO
BY
EARL V. SHANNON
Assistant Curator of Geology, United States National Museum
WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1926
ADVERTISEMENT
The scientific publications of the National Museum include two series, known, respectively, as ‘Proceedings and Bulletin.
The Proceedings, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers, based on the collections of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new forms and revi- sions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, are distributed as published to libraries and scientific organizations and to specialists and others interested in the different subjects. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents of each of the volumes.
The Bulletin, the first of which was issued in 1875, consists of a series of separate publications comprising monographs of large zoological groups and other general systematic treatises (occasion- ally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogues of type-specimens, special collections, and other material of similar nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable. In the Bulletin series appear volumes under the heading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, in octavo form, published by the National Museum since 1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum.
The present work forms No. 131 of the Bulletin series.
ALEXANDER WETMORE, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. Wasuineton, D. C., February 23, 1926, II
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
RTRGRO GUC HI ON sett seen eRe ser Sse en epee Se es nt 1 Geologic summary of the occurrence of metalliferous ores in Idaho__-_-___-_ 2 Meta production of ldahos- isa lo 22 si s20c2 2 Sess et 4 Metal production for 1918 by counties_.=-=:22-2-2-22--+-2-222-2f Ltt 8 earache PER MNEERTOHESUNLG Geom eter takin nee Sat ern ss Be NE ee 11 Classification of the valuable minerals__—.---2-2--.-.----.-2-2222¢ 2% 42 WESCHIPtONS OT IMIneralse = ee shee oes sess care ee 46 BID) sy era Cl ees Sw SR Fe le ot ge de ie ce ee eh EN 46 Crea ar cere a ae oe ek nee eo ee at ese es IN RE 47 RSMo) oN De SS ra ec AA 48 PTS @ TNT Cig Mi Rene one Se yok oh ee ret ei Sie neo ht ee one te AIEEE AeA 50 IBS Tan ab nee ate sy Se na Re ee ee oe Se fe IO 50 NGO ee ee OE eS ra oe oe ees oe SE 50
EL CG UT eet eee Ss sn es 9 Se Se er BSE 70
Misi omnite: <2. po Sat es er ee oe ee STS 71 Goldedimalgam 2 <o- ai ee ot oe er EE SS ae
SUV CTs oes a 8 ag ge ee CBOE LE OPP ON ee SaaS Se oe te ee Se SS io PAGNY SUI ATI eas Oe er ee ee oe ERE 74 JASE Wa TESS ce ae EE I eS 2 a EL, 75
IRE Kea Ap Ua pn ae att Ae re Rts a he EN ETE 75 BET Go 1 eee es oy eee Rae pa hg es Pe Sp a Mae an ae ats OU 76
BU Se Shee ee ese eS 8 ho eT ie EEO 76
BSS i Ren 7 Le ee te ie A I ag ee eS a Ny oh wit es 3 UE 4g LSSESVT ANNI eb oN a) x tas a I oa ee eo ee nee 915) 80 SIAMURtCee a Lk See eS a ee 82
BTR Teh Gly VM TGC aye a ara eR Pee BE leh ee ag RR RUA 82 IMM DOGRIbe 2 fea is 2 tape et han CA ee DE SOUND) ohh 82
BAAN & QTC eet eA AS i ant Se MERE ABO et 84
CE ZG ee me a se i cn Pa Ae cr SE on EOIN Se 88 RNASE ee Spe oe teres ca Sept toa) SNe 88
INA STAT Ge tee as se ene to SEU eet ie 101 COPS DRANG eer ets, gk Gee nh ale os ee ne SH 104 ROGGE gan ne han So eee oe PAE 104
BS aM ONS ey Br a ee a ct ct PS ee 106
SSE ABUL Bah ee EN ne testa A 106
RUT ES CURE ATO eee Oe I ee ere DO ele 112 OTN M Ly A ape ec eg se er neice eee a a Rd Oh ct nite OA ERIE rs
LEE pe eee Ss cre ree Ses Aah RR NAS i AED 114 CGRCENIO GEICO 116
AV U8 U5 27110 ee ne ek GL Wye ay AE ep No SE rer a SE 116
CN CoOL Ages Bae ce esd en atc N rc snes RA RR Ree cnn eels EOL LZ
AE 90ST GS Res cs tae Re pe de IEE ESD Ted
AES TLL GC Ean te eae ot oP Oa Skt SPIE SIN ge 5 fo gpa tae pt Raa te RS AASATTE 119 ROTTED I sie ay pc sp a ne oct tn he ocr EON 120 SSE HAs eae aa Na lat ese eae piney chen e A IEEE 124 yA ea ge ga en ne tee Se ite os Sor gaan sgn ars eM 125 nN ga eg A an ne ok chan Fn ncn co a Shh o d Seoony A 32
IV
Descriptions
Gersdorffite Arsenopyrite
Danaite Marcasi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
of minerals—Continued.
te fey ee RES Oe eae ee eee
Sy] vanitesn es pees encore es ySies eR UD Reeve SEIS YY Jp a na aN
KKermesite Chaleostibite Galenobismutite Miargyrite Dufrenoysite
Aikinite
Boulangerite
SE EAs ei a a ky NY A a oe Ue Re ee a PPO VS EGO 2 see Se SR eth a a cee nose eas ge Ey FORGING Be ek ete tvs tee OUR ara neg ec e a eo oh awge bgt
Xanthoconite Owyheeite Jamesonite
SR etree bn © Arent eas Pa Nea Ag are a oR oe pa 2 Aga tag
Tennantite
Stephan
ite
Poly basites 22 ass ae ae PRE aire a 2 een ap ls Se eS oe Ra
Pearceit
a ere ee as et an Oe ee ee
Cerarary rate 225 5 ss Do a ss nee ek SRE Re
Embolit
a eee ees
Bromiyrite 0 = oe a ey ee eee ee ee
Jodyrite Fluorite
a: ‘Common quarty. 6 2 2 pe a ea eae y Rock ery stabs = sek 5 a0 ree ae eae Amethyst. a2 oe es PN ee ea Re eee eee
Moly bdite2) 5053-02) Ms ee eee eee Pungetites 2 ee ee eee eee eee rs
Cervant Stibicon
TUG wih x caer ca i eee A ee eg GG SS ae ae eae ean eed Bet Saag ee pa ee
@upritie. 22.2 Sh 55 see a a ee eee TBODOTIGG nia ek ace es Rs SU I cate ad Te 9 occ a Gorinm canna a i Te
Page 134 136 143 145 145 146 147 147 148 150 151 151 155 158 160 160 160 162 163 168 168 169 171 171 12 2 174 175 175 175 176 eal 177 177 178 179 180 181 182 182 187 187 188 188 189 189 192 193 194 197 198 198 199
TABLE OF CONTENTS Vv
Descriptions of minerals—Continued. Page BRAD Ge ss ee ee ee ee ee SAEs 200 CWaSSILCHIbG ha eee ae ee ee ee oo i 200 TERUG Gwin ae rg ree rr ee ce DOR 201 VAG GNC TNG Gk ie ne i OU 202 Pyar OlUISI GOs eae ere eee sOHNoT? 206 Gocthitiers: + ans ree eee eS 207 NEL ONGC ee oe eg er eh et a A 2 SET OU 208 SIO TM CLAM CS ee nee a te er ee ee ee 210 Psilomelane. -varieby“wad- <2 se a 212 Psilomelane; variety- asbolite. --.--_. = -~ 2 2 2 es 212 IWeIALOSSIRG ee chee ee ee ee 213 CW SUL 1G Cte ea a eg ee eee Hed op a a EV Lis 214 Calcite, variety-argentine =< + -~ -- e e 220 WO ONGC Se en eo ee eee ee et DERE LG! 222 PATIIKCG Tb Geen om ee bam pene Seg ney Pr Le = IGE 226 SECT Gs aia eerie wee yoy ee ee a ONT 229 UNO GOCHTOSICC nro ee er Be I 235 SST TNC eee ah oe eg an gk Re 236 ATS PODIGGs = =n ee Se ee 230 © TRUS It ar a a ee em Bg ne ses SVE IE 240 INAS NT i ae ren er pte oe et a SUES 261 BAU Z UIE GO ene te ee re og ies or thle oo ee ON 264 Ana Chal eite. ses re re ee ee ee SEU 266 Hivdromaignesite: =~ === ee ee ee DON 266 IBIS Ge Seok he ne a 2 A ee 268 TB EN@ C1 6 Cae ee enn io oy oo ey Oey ein so DOSIOIAT 268 Orthoclase, variety adularia or valencianite_________-_------------- 270 IMGiCrO Cine a a en re QISGDES 274 BAUS Tits epee de pte kl rt ny eo ay eto nt ee eg Dl oo ae PIES 3 274 PAIN CLES TING aoe ee eee DIS INID hs De DUN GLAS Ie 275 NGS LOT GC a a re i he oregon I OU IORI AQ 276 IDiOMsIGGL Ata S an hye of en ee ee oe oe ee TTY 277 SAE HG oo Sale rte meee ee ute na oe a hs ro UI ZOU 280 Hed enbergite <a Ss eee see se Ue 281 ONCE Gf et oe rent me Sh ee ee SOE 282 Wiollastonite =n ret ee a nn i ph St 2 OTN IE A AO 283 PAGAETIOIIEY GHGS onesie Se en a esses se 284 GRO CATON WU Ge aor err ens tie ee a EA 287 ETT PUNO Li tse eee rn one ty en te Se SUR 289 BANC GTR CO Lin tc i mt tessa nm ae Dae © etn oe a ee ae Eee eS ote ne ee ae 290 ibfonmp lend eas = en = eter + Se ne iene Nn Ao so IEEE 291 EMU CLS OTN Ihe a en pe ey nee wie etn = > ee See eb A SOL Pe 292 Ey ae eee ere ae oe ne © 8 en ee Birr nn Rote ona en US 293 imcinchivesSpCscariteyseries” = 25° 55s oe sas <= errors sce See 295 Andragdite-Grossiuuarivesserlesa == s22 6" } a 525 sens ae ute 300 HOTS teri tee aerate ete wwe Fie a Seb eben nin ae en 307 Sea es eee eee ere ee Se Be ete oe een ee See 310 SPY OPO SOP ROLE b) o Sepke eagale yclsg fia ee ae t e 311 BESS TS AL EN ae i aeons pee Ne Me npn ae Puree Neer ENE Te Se 314 VARA ONE ens cag SN Ne Ll gn het nd fe aa ease maa SPaAOREY 316 BIN CSO IZ ary Seen pe es Se aphan Pn ar Va rr a arom ee 319 PASTY GL sail C1 si tics ae meee rae ea atest apis baby See Mire Ser Ae een ae eae 320
gS Eb ee eee ee Ge Se er ee eo ee ee Serene nn cas ee 321
VI TABLE OF CONTENTS
Descriptions of minerals—Continued. Page Gaol irae eas Fe EUs ne a Spee eet oY eee gn oe et A nag ea 321 ZOYSIL Gi ihe al ei ha apa IRN LN Lae Ce ie RO Oey See Done pea oes 322 (TIM OZOISU HE sesh ey ee ae ge Eee ARR YEO epee Symes Syne 324 EG IRUEA GO eo 2s ad Jr a Sa vee ci ue te) eae aa 324 PETG PATA NG Goes os ie ot eyes a TRI ae I ae PEG ae Ss Se at eae ip aie 329 RES GET Oost ee aL sale oy er aN en ay ee ee id 331 OH OMG OCIGE See oa Se a eee en A ee tp Ee at 2s nh ee 333° AD iyp ihe Sac nanan eine ae nae gene Aen tea pee acetate ele 334 @alamimee ich Se RE eS: GCOS re rma a reap panne cay ee ipa Na 337 MBOMPMA a IME yee NN ANE ae Lala appa gure ealoyeed als 341 Steevie 3 oS ica Me oe UNH Ae Re ae en ere lp eg 344 TE GaN pe ere cy aa Nee as ST eae Stan ie ete oleae pkey 346 DWord raat i Nei Ss A all aceon nay eats L 346 Te trl Se The I eR wee 22 PU ES Tat ce LY oli ag pe ATR LE a lcs a ne 349
BSS UEL LOE ee eeet aeons eae ie ape Ue cy a ete CaaS Rue Sec NS 353 ADGA UETYD OTH G age ac a ake Et a aL Nea Oe 357 Ga baa it ee ee a Ne a a Ge aA Nea la 357 Airy aT 1G ee i es ea Sie RCL Ce ae rg coe Los OS ep 360 ERHOMSONIGE | 2k oe ge Pal be Sli sc eget a 362 INEUSC OVALE aie ee ely See eh BT Ss TE rn a a NTA a ey ery = eS 365 INVeir pero ibe x ie 2 eyes a Ss AT Sg SN ec 367 MS TECHEG Sessa a pe ee St gat se 367 Bi Gibe aa ke SA a LVS pe ee ees 376 C@hloritoid:2 S23 see a a To Sea epee a aa 377 Serpentine: (228 8 a he oe AC ae eee 383 Grarmnrerithe es a Pa Up ek 8 Ry en ep a 384 Vale sn. 32 ee ep aes = pa ee gt are ee eel Sh Seas he pepe oP 384 Gelerc omit ee ee Ne rs a i pee Ze hr a 384 VCROMMI Gos he Se ee Be aes aC le lanes av EL nto ta oe 385 Montmorillonite and Jueverrierites = - 22s Oe 386 Montmorillonite: . 023.0223 eee eet 387 TG VERFICTIG@ oo 355 oh pie) oy Wi a 6 sn aM pen ae Sane 388 FR AML Gry Sut sia le ea IR a ee pe ps A eet cn Seale SO ne 390 Wranophane ston ae a ne Ps Sue reap oy aE a ee 390 Chrysocolls cc. 4c\ 72S nS Ws \ cee AD eg UR a 391 Copper pitch: ore. a). 25.) kU eta Sn ee 395 @hiloropiall size fer Aa RI ee a a a 397 MEL sir Ors te ac I i a ell a et ed 398 Telingsitie ese os a a eh eee eae Ree 399 VERSUS SREY UGG es apo pues La a a PSEA ert Dl og 400 EST. TN TR TUG os settee I i I hes ce a ne 401 “Lhe Niobates- amb alatese ceo oes 0 2 ey ae cee 404 OGRE US OMI CS se ease es a ee ne a 405 Are burr bya tea ee he SN a hee 405 Samiarskite c= 25 2 ss aa ey et ee ae ho gee ee emu ere 408 ERT Uva Gee es aaa Se ae ge a: ye 409 POS CN yan ais aap ae NS ang nee a ep 409 GIR ETT GS Seta NO LY On Cas ie eta ee 410 POLY CHASE sions a ae cee et a OS CERI RE lp Ae ee 410 IVEQ TUR ZAGC Eee ee ce a oer RE ey CN aa ke 411 AD ATITG se = Sie ae MO ey Aiea pl 1S ge ee Se Se Sa 415 Wollaphaniite.. <2. 5! a0 52) otis et ha eI cat ake cat ee 416 IPyromGrp ite: 21> ayes Se lah ee 50 Lee ea ay Sage ies 2 ee 418
TABLE OF CONTENTS Vil
Descriptions of minerals —Continued. Page Viren Ge eee ene eee ne ee eer ee ye eS ee ee a So Se 423 Vier STCITNL GC epee ees Se ree ee Ne Me LE cee ee 424 Oliviecribe meee wee ek oye: 10y Ra eee ee ea ee = 424 iniehial cite seen akan open ie See eT sa ae ae wee 425 Sins Aas ee nc ae att te I re ge eee ee sane ed ett aes 427 es besiege eee ae See ee 429 em apennite 6. = 4 as et i. A eee eo oe eee 431 TO CLL eae er a ee ke ee ee et et Sale 431 Bayldonite.- 2-2... + Bote ened ee ge Sk ee pte eae ea 2 2 ae 433 TE ens eee eae Nein ee Se kee ee ee eS oe eye eS 433 RinGuelmlt Cm ae we Bee el eee ee eee eae ee SSeS 435 Sy CL STIG fs 2 Tee alee et ee rn = 438 Nic eee EO eer Geen oe es eee eee eee 439 inrdwiglee = ses el eee ole eee aes ke cee See eset 440 aritc meee eeene ie ee yh AEN Oa eee Ee et 442 Wmglesiter sc suis S20 (oe oct L oe gee eS ees 444 BUDS CR Talat @ ee epes eae p ye ook eg ee ee a 450 MO echo Tni meen eee ee ee ee ae et es 453 BER OVC LIAN THe epee ae pans Ce anny te ee Oe et See 454 eirvarit eee ee ee ee ee ee ee hea ee eS 455 1), Bar Ses oy lt ree ts ed a Po Ee yt seo pe BO gy a Po 459 Gross eee on ES ee BEL S eee eet sisse ees eee e= 459 PSOMMUB== a= beh es Soest seen eens sce esas 461 Melanterite 25. 225 soak pene esse Hane ---55544-Fee= 461 G@lraloaniiinitemeteas< os oy ee neee ne A eae en BS A eS 462 MOOS TN Ome eee Sirk tre he ee es ee ie ee eee a Se a 463 CAINE Cte ete ed ee ee bake te eNotes 463 INiendozit cusste et sete Pal Se 2 iat eh = Re eee ee ete 464 ickermigite@ne: tee. LOGE MA ae ode oes cetera pan esta eees a5 464 Pets Cee eee el coe ant Sa NE oe Be a ee 465 IBMT BOIATOSIGG 5c 325652 25 Se eee nen ase 5=-s Ss seesepessa2 466 Mice WOULAMILS. PrOUD! 2 o>. oe oe FL ak ea eS 466 RVOlGeAITitemeeentae me ke een mimes Oa Piel ret ae Se ete See 467 En enter et oan Se so a ee ee Se 467 TG EN Grit @ eee ee ec ee Ae See oe ae ae 468 STEEL Ge See es ara PL tg eee tell ae 469 Pow cliite samen ore ke 2 ee ee en eee eee 472 SFL tit ee ae ee rae Seah PN Tien aa SA ne oe oleae 474 Wnlienitemetrer ert ec uter eh ot Se en eo oie oe a eget 474 Miner alacOs letter Me betew se 9 ovate otis Spree ee eS 478
NinnG oxen a ane we be ise, ee er eee 481
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THE MINERALS OF IDAHO
By Earu V. SHANNON
Assistant Curator of Geology, United States National Museum
INTRODUCTION
The present volume contains the results of a comparatively large amount of detailed work, principally upon the specimens of Idaho ores and minerals in the United States National Museum. To- gether with these original observations is given a very complete compilation of such literature as pertains to the mineralogy of the State.
No such work on the minerals of a geographic area can be complete and there are doubless many occurrences of unusual minerals in the State, of which the writer has no knowledge. New discoveries will doubtless be made with increasing number from year to year and the present manuscript, however carefully compiled, can serve only as a nucleus around which to assemble new facts.
No visits to the state on observation or collecting trips have been possible since the work was begun. The writer spent many years as a collector in the Coeur d’Alene district and the statements regard- ing the occurrence of the minerals of that district are based upon personal observation. It has not been possible to visit this region within the past several years or at any time since training was acquired in the recognition of obscure or unusual minerals.
The specimens preserved in the National Museum have, for the most part, been random selections of typical ores or specimens selected to illustrate some geologic phenomenon without particular reference to the mineralogy and such unusual minerals as they contain are nearly wholly accidental. In cases where mineral occurrences have not been mentioned, the excuse must be that no specimen was available for examination.
Many remarkably fine specimens have been lost through smelting or otherwise and the occurrence of many minerals in abundance in rich ores is now established only by fragmentary records substan- tiated by a single specimen accidentally preserved. It is hoped that one purpose of this publication will be accomplished by arousing interest of persons possessing a latent interest in mineralogy in the preservation of unusual mineral specimens. It has not been possible, during the preparation of this report, to establish connections with a
54347—267—_2 1
2 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
single resident mineralogist or mineral collector in the State nor to locate a mining man or prospector having an active interest in min- eralogy.'
The National Museum is in a position at all times to carefully identify any mineral which may be sent in for examination free of charge and any specimen of merit which may be donated is assured _ of careful and permanent preservation in the Museum collections. It is to be hoped that in the not distant future there may be established, as a part of the excellent educational system of the State of Idaho, a State museum devoted to the adequate care and preservation of the minerals and other natural history material of the area.
Many mineralogic problems which have developed during the course of the work have had to be left more or less in the air because of inadequate material, but each investigation has been pursued as far as the specimens at hand permitted.
The general properties, beyond the mere statement of the com- position and crystallization of the minerals, could not be given, and for these reference must be had to a standard textbook. For the more common minerals Ford’s revision of Dana’s Textbook of Min- eralogy is recommended, while for details regarding the rarer species the standard reference work, Dana’s System of Mineralogy, must be consulted.
It has not been possible to revise the arrangement of the text, which is alphabetical, by counties, in accord with the recent sub- division and creation of new counties, and the locality references are, with a few exceptions, based upon the county map of 1914. The districts mentioned are essentially as defined in Hill’s Mining Dis- tricts of the Western United States, United States Geological Survey Bulletin 507. The Idaho section of this valuable work is reprinted below, with some additions to the bibliography.
GEOLOGIC SUMMARY OF THE OCCURRENCE OF METALLIFEROUS ORES IN IDAHO,
Ore deposits are irregularly distributed in Idaho. The extreme southern and eastern parts of the State are almost barren. The mining districts are most abundantly clustered in a region extending from the vicinity of Boise in a northeasterly direction to Lemhi County and the Salmon River Valley. The most important output is that of lead and silver from the Coeur d’Alene district, in the northern part of the State. Gold and silver are derived from the belt mentioned and from veins in Owyhee County, in the southwest corner of the State.
1Since the above was written a number of men, including Dean Francis A. Thomson, of the Idaho State School of Mines, and Stewart Campbell, State mine inspector of Idaho, have assisted by sending unusual minerals from the State tothe United States National Museum for identification.
2 By Waldemar Lindgren. Reprinted without change from U.S. Geol. Survey Bulletin 507, pp. 24-26, 1912.
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO 3
The most prominent geologic feature is the great central mountain mass bordering Montana and continued on the north by the Clear- water and Coeur d’Alene Mountains. The eastern part of this mountain mass consists of pre-Cambrian and Paleozoic strata, the extreme western part of Triassic sediments. Between these two lies a great intrusive mass of granitic rocks, principally quartz monzonite, continued on the north and east by smaller intrusive areas. The northern or panhandle part of the State is mainly built up of the steeply inclined sedimentary strata of a thick pre-Cambrian complex known as the Belt series. ‘The southern and southwestern parts of the State are covered by thick volcanic flows of Tertiary age, and this area connects on the east with the lavas of the Yellowstone Park region and Utah. Toward the Nevada line rise a number of short ranges of the type of the Basin Ranges of that State, and the extreme southeastern part of Idaho is occupied by north-south ranges built up of folded and faulted Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks which may be considered as a northward extension of the Wasatch Mountain system.
Pre-Cambrian deposits are not present in Idaho, except possibly in some of the less important districts in the northern part of the State, where mineralization seems to have accompanied intrusion of diabase sills in the Belt series. Here as elsewhere two important kinds of deposits may be recognized—those which were formed shortly after the intrusion of the great central batholith of Jurassic rocks, probably in late Cretaceous time, and those of late Tertiary age which developed after the outburst of the Tertiary lavas in the southern and central parts of the State. The latter are confined to the gold and silver veins of Owyhee County and to a belt of lavas in the central part of the State, including such deposits as the Custer, in Custer County; the Singiser veins in Lemhi County; and the Thunder Mountain deposits in Idaho County.
A few unimportant deposits of copper and lead ores of uncertain age occur in the Paleozoic limestones of the ranges in the extreme southeast corner of the State.
The upper parts of the late Cretaceous ore deposits have to a considerable extent been removed by erosion and the parts now exposed contain ores formed at considerable depths. They are mainly fissure veins, but in places, as in southern Lemhi County and at the Wood River (Hailey) district, these merge into replacement deposits of galena in limestone. Contact-metamorphic deposits containing copper ores are developed on a rather extensive scale at Seven Devils, near the Oregon boundary line, and at White Knob, in the southeastern part of Custer County, but neither place has proved a large or steady producer.
4 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
The veins are contained in a great number of districts situated in and around the borders of the central granitic mass. Most of them carry gold and silver in a quartz gangue with abundant sulphides. Among the best known districts are those of the Idaho Basin and the vicinity of Boise, adjoined on the east by the Sawtooth, Atlanta, and Rocky Bar districts. To the northeast are a number of minor dis- tricts in Lemhi County. To the north are those of Warren, Florence, Buffalo Hump, Dixie, Elk City, and Pierce. Still farther north, surrounding a smaller granitic intrusive mass, cluster the lead-silver bearing veins of the Coeur d’Alene district. The late Cretaceous gold-bearing veins have usually yielded placer deposits of importance, many of which are still producing. The placer districts of greatest present importance are in the Idaho Basin, along the eastern bound- ary of Lemhi County, and at Pierce. The now largely exhausted placers of Warren, Florence, Elk City, and the Coeur d’Alene region should also be mentioned. The fine gold occurring in the sands of Snake River has been described trequently, but the actual production from these deposits is very small. Placers of diminishing importance are situated along Salmon and Boise Rivers.
Among the Tertiary veins those near Silver City and De Lamar, in Owyhee County, have been and are still important producers. These veins cut through early Tertiary rhyolites and basalt and bear clear evidence of having been formed within short distances of the present surface.
Less well known are the veins at Custer, and also those ot a few districts like Singiser, in Lemhi County, which occur under similar conditions. Low-grade gold ores have been mined at Thunder Mountain, in Idaho County, and are said to form disseminations in rhyolitic tuffs. The Tertiary veins carry gold and silver with a very small amount of sulphides and no important amount of base metals.
Idaho contains few deposits of iron, and none of them is mined at present. Iron Mountain, in Washington County, near Snake River, is the principal locality. No rare-metal deposits cf importance occur in Idaho.
METAL PRODUCTION OF IDAHO
It is deemed appropriate to here give a few figures on the amount and value of the metal production of the State in order to convey some idea of the importance of the mining industry which, after all, is concerned entirely with obtaining and marketing minerals. The following figures are taken from State Mine Inspector Robert N. Bell’s annual report for 1918.
Estimated total value of metals mined previous to 1898, $381,315,312.
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO
CGol@eimetoitices, 91,698. .......2-22ns20-s2---- 2 ebede Bilver fame ounces, 5,206,700... = -<2222ss-2. hol PEls2 at Messe porns 224 70,00 02-22 25222522 ses522lsescut eshte
PGS VEU GoS eee os ea we ee Oe
Gold#finevounces,, 75,054... 22.222. coe anes Silver, fine ounces, 4,480,174__...._.____----_-------__----_- headssponnds, 86,499 506._.....2.222c2essseenscee ene igi. Woppersqpoundseee 02 Se eee ever e eck oo ll DIME SN
BR OmIRVAIMGS: foo a ee es aE ek
By direct shipment: Pog mime ounces, LOZ. (52200 2235.62 on else eae Silver; fine*ounces; 4,324 133_..2-- 222.2 25 eco
bead, pounds; 96;425,500_5.2 2 Ni ne VOD ee ae ee oe atl an ae Se uke apt 3
otalevalWesas ns ea Oh i eens Through the United States assay office___..._..____.-_-._-_- iHstimated-from: other sources: 22-20 = 2 ee ne eee ee
Total value
<coldwime ounces; 110228... 5: 22S ee ee eee ee Silver, fine ounces, 3,305,154 Lead, pounds, 65,967,000
phOtalavalue iret nee ee Pe Se ee Ne
olG une OUNCES, ido SOo sae 5 oo ee eS SHINEE: fe OUNCES: 0,009) 7 (82-2. wa ieee kaon ce Sao eae Peed spounds, 019,293,000)... ....-_.-..-.------.-~--.-.--
MOtAlEVaING= income ee A ee i eR eh 8
Gold ine punces,- 92,938.42... one ed Silver etine:OunNces,7,224,021, 58.222 225 ee se ne headtepounds' 220/857, 956.2505... ek ee WOPDEr MOUNOs 20240002 8S ee ee ee
etc talliavierlil ec ceareemeeess rece 8 oso or ON es ne
1904 SeOlc tine OUNCES) S4.401.09.. 0.22 2 ee ee eee eee = Silvers tile OUNCES nS 264,009.12... 02 weno cease co eee isead; pounds,1226;,2601, 7282... 2 358s ima Det eh th 22 Mopper sponds 422,001.00. 2ccn code a none a cee che eta as
MOUS RV c llc aerene nea Cie Seer ee er
3. 00 . OO
71. 00
1, 550, 958. 2, 688, 105. 3, 760, 553.
60, 000.
6, 059, 606.
2, 124, 603. 2, 534, 480. 3, 857, 020.
35, 000.
8, 551, 103. 1, 699, 760. 1, 000, 000.
11, 250, 864.
2, 280, 422. 1, 983, 092. 2, 638, 680.
6, 902, 194.
2, 567, 233. 3, 655, 866. 4, 172, 805.
10, 295, 905.
2, 085, 993. 4, 338, 312. 9, 386, 213.
336, 954.
16, 143, 573.
1, 845, 282. 4, 970, 783. 9, 729, 425.
704, 860.
17, 250, 898.
. 00
00 00 00 00
00
94 00
00 00
94 22 00
16
76
21 00 00
01
76 60 13 00
49
08
86 O14
25
6 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Gold -finetounces, 60,515.91 32) 4 we ea a eg Silver, fine ounces, 8,626,794.55 Lead, pounds, 269,791,456 Copper, pounds, 6,661,400 Zine, pounds, 2,174,960
Total value
Gold; -fine ounces) 58,762:3222-2205 2 20 Se ae ees i ee Silver, fine ounces, 9,136,860.73 Weadsounds 22557966. 083 moar a sete ees ean ye Copper, pounds, 11,640,565 PATIOS POUT: be EAs OO eee eas ead Se 9 pee eee Antimony, pounds, 90,000
Total value
Gola fine ounces. 665426, 2965- ae Se eae Silver, fine ounces, 8,491,366.13 (Sead? pounds, 234-404-9902 = 2 i" nee Pe is ie Panes AVOpper. pounds, TOMS 7T-OO5 = = asa eS ees oe een Paine PowMess FLO Paya we ee ad art see ee eee A
‘Total value
Gold, fine ounces, 68,145.16=2_-=2=.--.=-=-_-27-=- 7 Silver, fine,ounces, 7,660,507.38-_—---_--_3-=2_ 2 = =
Gold, fine ounces, 70,898,938____-------------------=------ Silver, fine ounces, 7,039,451.20____-_---------------------= ‘Lead, pounds,-217,594,6792 2°"... = - = a ee Copper, pounds, 7,759,886_-_--_----------------------------- Zine; ‘pounds, 1,906,200... = +22 22-432 s2 22 es
TROUT Ge a ee ee cee eee
Gold, fine ounces, 49,289.22___--_------------=------------ Silver, fine ounces, 7,890,388_._2--- 2.22 -"-==~==--S=--___- Lead, pounds, 239,144,570_2..22_--= = 22-- 222 ee Copper, pounds, 5,837,639_____-_------------+<--5-~---<---- Vine pounds, 5,995,600. 2.252542 +) ee ee
EOS Gp tesa: Wy eA TUN a Ct age) le ene een cp de
$1, 250, $63. 5, 196, 270.
12, 257, 198. 1, 025, 189.
127, 887.
85 51 43 46 89
19, 876, 409.
1, 214, 617. 6, 071, 443. 14, 487, 680. 2, 252, 449. 91, 426. 20, 700.
24, 138, 317.
1, 373, 031. 5, 546, 553. 12, 470, 341. 2° '941, 1°77.
534, 087.
22, 165, 191.
1, 409, 992. 4, 407, 811. 8, 764, 485.
1, 336, 608.
3, 020.
15, 561, 131.
1, 465, 487. 3, 625, 317. 9, 356, 571. 1, 034. 651.
104, 841.
15, 606, 862.
1, 018, 808. 4, 268, 813. 10, 761, 057. 753, O55. 33, 513.
17, 135, 695.
89
15 96 30 32 30 00
03
40 82 74 17 21
34
97 63 35 89 80
64
05 40 20 50 00
00
26 00 70 40 60
90
~I
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO
1911 (olsmenterounces, 66,927.11... ........-.-.---------886-s ~ $1, 375, 068. 22 Giver) dind otinces, 8,592,400__.........-.---..--EEA S01,¢5- 4, 579, 621. 15 hese moungys 274,492 873-.....-.=....-.-+--+.---fea see 12, 225, 912. 56 Wopper,;pounds, 3,962,060._._...-.-.-..-...------..2fe.G41 502, 488. 67 mceenonnis: 10:087,600.. 2.2... 22. ee ce ET 386, 593. 94 MiexGsu lbs vist Ue tee ay eee ee eS ees 19, 270, 212. 00
1912 Goleifing ounces, 69,300.10. ........-.=-..4----.44 fsa" - 1, 432, 434. 00 Silver! fie Gunces, 8,238,971____....--.-=-.=-+---LLE Ss5i.2-- 5, 011, 766. 00 est ppounids. 296,054,813... 5... 2222-2. ER Se 13, 233, 650. 00 Mopper. cpiunds, 7,392,280__.....-.--.-------=+---.-LWd-bes 1, 224, 161. 00 Paneer 16,243 840 = 4. oo = 22 I OE 1, 127,.316. 00 Movalevaliese = 2 eon ee ee ee Be ae 22, 029, 327. 00
1913 Gomemneounces, 67,022. 2320-3 sea 5-88 ae iiases Wot Stehae- 1, 450, 531. 50 Pilverwumerounced,. 10) 165,200.22. 22-02-55 24 eee HE a5 6, 044, 925. 11 dsearyipounds}.318,377,280_... pi a6 see eons pirat s 13, 907, 447. 04 Sooper pounds, 6,021,242. 24 522. So oe ee ee Sooo 1, 316, 509. 20 Zinc, pounds 7S 270,823 _ ffl 210i sled ost eis £20 1, 107, do202 Rotalivaluesitaias #04. a. gets. gripes: cose oid eo su 24, 572, 396. 47
1914 rls mnGvOUNCeS, 62,2582... 5. 25-0 ee os eee eee 1, 286, 459. 46 Primer sunevounees, \3,620 025-2 4.225222. 2 22S eee as W, 412, 308000 PeadeuOumds (oto,so4,100.. 25 9 20.2. eet ee ccs 13, 426, 086. 23 Pinas 20 59 O00 ==== 2 2rn >t aa re fh notte SE REL 2, 166, 351. 90 <opper, pounds; .5,178,000_.-=--+—:2.=2- [esbeussssen kU 685, 430. 00 Miotal VaNiGr =-" 93882) Poss 2 sa sents ao sce owes = see! 24, 976, 706. 36
1915 cogil Tame OWwnCGs-OUss4022-2525> = Sab R eos. sess ana Se ee oS 1, 255, 619. 00 PCE RIE rOuNUES, 12,050,010.) a2 27 “see h ons be aves. elt eee 6, 426, 715. 00 MeneenoundasG0t242 000-8 Hs <= 4 <a S2ehs 22 ase caylee 17, 243, 601. 00 Pann mnaines Os, 460,000. 8-2 See ees 3 = = 12, 993, 331. 00 Gopper pounder c00,000l 22.34 2.2225 eo ces-3---2-=-4 1, 288, 685. 00 ANTIMONY = DOUnGS, 70,900... 4 24 5e1 Patel = a= aoe 28, 380. 00 Matigatar ore, pounds 54,000... .-.-..--+---=--=----H4b-4 = 81, 000. 00 Motalevalicwertt sa a elo eS A ee Sco e 2 Se a ee 39, 315, 312. 00
1916 eplceainewnuces, 0o,079---. <2 3 -Bae eeee ee 1, 061, 580. 00 Bilverssaimerounees, 12,200,lo2-.0 425. --- a. 222. 25e2=25454=55 8, 013, 889. 00 Lead, pounds, 366,594,000___.-.-40-.2-2--4- BES Sipe Data Di 25, 111, 689. 00 PancPpciwnns, 98,100,740... ...-. = 22-=-<-- 222 -2+=--0 PB S- 12, 633, 694. 00 opperMADUNds. 6.002, 20-5 -.-5-5 soe = 32 2, 190, 341. 00 ihaurcton pounds, 120,000... .- 2... 5-.----42---.=-55-<5- 91, 500. 00
SRataltuiioeee tans Mee a Seeger aed __.. 49, 102, 693. 00
8 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
1917 Gold} fine*ourices, 41,326. 22. 2-+222. 2255 22sess2so si Ska 2 $826, 520. 00 Silver} fine ounces, 12,496,017.- 4-22-25. 224. 22. AME SEES 2 10, 173, 000. 00 Lead, pounds; 395,883,000... = 2552.22. 2 se eae EL SERS 34, 758, 506. 00 Zine; pounds, 96,123,000. 5.5.2 2+ ss. 52-3525 222s BO SOP 8, 555, 947. 00 Coppers‘pounds, 7,282,000... 2 =22-5222--sssse5-55 PL 1, 979, 247. 00 Ro talovialiies2-2 5.202. 50 ae eee ae 56, 292, 210. 00
1918 Gold:*fine ‘ounces, 36,307.83. .- 22-252 22s Le 750, 482. 83 Silver: fine’ ounces, 9,572,214. 2. 252222552225. 5 SL SS 8, 709, 988. 63 head pounds, 290,848,425. ..-..--2..-----42-s-.- Sie Pow 22, 368, 310. 50 mine. pounds, 51,691,000... 2 2.-2222--22-s225s42- =e 4, 212, 816. 50 Copper; ‘pounds, 5,240,400... 2222. 2241 eat eee 1, 278, 483. 78 Wotaltvalueciecs sobs oe. ke Ce ae ee ee 37, 320. 082. 43
Total value of all metals for 21 years since State records were
ep ges 2 08 nt ee Sa a te ak ee pape eee ae nae 465, 513, 764. 43 Total value of all metals for preceding 38 years (estimated)____ 381, 315, 312. 00 Grand total from discovery to end of 1918____-------- 846, 829, 076. 43
METAL PRODUCTION FOR 1918 BY COUNTIES
The following table gives some idea of the relative importance of the several counties of the State in their contributions to the total
value of the metal production:
Ava County
Goldicfine ounces, 343:74___ 62 ee eens $7, 105. Silver fme ounces, 406.6502 222202 22 o S e ee 393. Mo talayalii ese sce Se SP Bil pe va eae 7, 498. ADAMS COUNTY Goldifinetounces, 28:45.00 20 52. ee ee ee 588. Silver fine, qunces, (7702020 So ae seat lee 745. Copperspounds;-30,000 22.2. ee 2 ee ee 7, 386. Total Vallee ee oo SUS Se SS ee ee eee 8, 719. BLAINE CouNTY Gold;fine ounces, 898.40! =- 5+. #=is2222s222- 55) Se shes 18, 569. Silver, Gnevounces, 261,000. = 2-2. 32622 eee ee eS eee bene ee 252, 569. heads pounds; -2,725, 0008. 2 on 2 see Re ee eS ee rere ere 201, 922. Zines pounds; 2:035; 00022 2 = 2a ee ee ee eee 165, 852. Ro talk. Valen ses ee ee ene aS een re eee 638, 914. Boise County Gold, fine‘ounces, 10,;81022:22--.22222s22+-s2sSse2e ces Nes 223, 442. Silver” fine ounces, 24;682 =. 2.2 225--2222+24es seer usGl.t 4 23, 884.
MOT AGA ATILE Sas <0, ee a Patan eee eh Nee epee nl aio 247, 32K
10 ol
61
06 13 00
19
92
50 50
62
70 rh
47
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO
BoNNEVILLE CouNTY
Groldwamemunces, P5725 55.2222 2-252 Bee sesce cae sde nhieu Silweruinne ounces, 19_. 2.222 2... -seseenscectssssnseT¥e eer
GROvalRV aluie ses ee oon ek ee ce ee oS tee UE
ROMmUNS OUNCES Oo 22 as 2 ee beste soso ses ese MESSE Bilwer one ounces, 2, 00480102602. 22a ane de lees ecee ton Ee meaawpounds, 190,000. 2... .. 2 s2-- needa seccedece VU At 4
Rotalevyaliiche see 28 8 ee Set ee ce eee ee ae
Gourunne ounces, 60-2. = 2.222.. 22 liseceestecsteces Sete Silver tne ounces, 129,644... -.2l.5scncscsussese YUVAL eh meaaapounas, ¢,494,000)...-.-2-22iccecsessscsccacees UU
Total value
Coldetimerounces: 400 met. Jy ee ee ee se este ok oS piimermrime-ouneés,, 6,600.25 22.2282. 22252hesee chee ee Ul ASS MCHC POUNGS, 490,000. 22222222202 ccesassasanenees UU
pROtaleVaIiG 26 te ee ee ee eS
Gold, fine ounces, 217.24 Silver, fine ounces, 4,400
mhopalevaliie= ==)... 22 29 oe oe ee rye es 8
Camas County
Goldepimetounces(:245 4 25). 2 22 oo be a eo ee ei eee SE SIME RNCTOUNCOR (0 se ca ee ke ee
Total value
Col mneOUNCES 2.7 Obl! 2 on 222 Oo Soh sem es ete sees se se Silver, fine ounces, 153,000 Copper, pounds, 3,500,000 Lead, pounds, 2,200,000
Movalevalickwss sie ae wat ee ee ts whee tis.
Gold, fine ounces, 270_____- Z Silver, fine ounces, 87
shotalaualviesamecgie Wie 2 eM oe eeny
FrEMonT County
Pm ntBeInGMCeSs (OMe! 2 +5. 25. aaa seca eens ose oe a
SvernminevOnnces 00025... - =... 29S eee te Hee ae
Sapperpounis TOU 000~ 2 2b. 2s ee kh ee ake “URS IL AS NID SY se ee
1, 229, 785. 96
$3, 245. 19 18. 38
3, 263. 57
. 90 . 27 . OO
whe,
1, 240. 125, 456. 555, 305.
20 50 40
682, 002. 10
. 83 . 82 . 60
. 25
4, 490. 35 4, 257. 88
8, 748. 23
5, 064. 67.
15 73
AI staRs
86 10 00 00
57, 007. 148, 058. 861, 700. 163, 020.
96
. 90 LO
365. 09
1, 033. 483. 24, 620.
50 85 00
26, 137. 35
10 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Ipano County
45oki- chine ounces, 3,587 22 622 22 Se ee ee ae et $74, 143. 29 Silver; fine:ouncess UalOQi a2 oye eae ne ee nd fea 1, 645. 09 Potalhv alee eo Gs eee ens eae I eer ep 75, 788. 38 Latan County Gold shine: ounces, 30. 2/22 035 ee ee ee a 620. 10 Silver: fine ounces,.1'702 0008 5 oo eal eS ERS Si 164. 50 Copper tpounds, 85,000 22 ois 2h eee eit ae ere ale ERY VEE 20, 927. 00 PME Gey; UTS Se a Og ee ir 21; 711. 60 Lemut County Golditine ounces, dU sQu sey esos alee oe hepa ls 24, 576. 63 pilver fine ounces, 43/0002 222. = ou. eee ee a eee bls 138, 381. 10 Gopperapounds, 6S;000 i! 2 ei ee a EB 5, 038. 90 ead--poumtiss. 4:7 44, OOO. 8 2 2 ee oT A ae 1, 167, 972. 80 Potal value woe ye ea 2h a cee ee aera i ee 1, 335, 969. 33 OwyHEE CouNTY Goldtfine ounces, 900... 2222242 ew ee 18, 603. 00 Silver fine ounces;'34,000¢ 2222. 2. SSS QUE ee Ea oe 32, 901. 80 etal vahie- Sete OE ed Oe es oe ae 51, 504. 80 SHOSHONE County Goldixfine: ounces) 214, 628.2008 «22s Jct hel bone eee See 302, 360. 76 Silver: fine ounces; 8,234;389._ 2.32.00 02 ee ee ee 7, 968, 418. 23 Pead-pounds; 27a, 00042 ee See ee Ok ee 20, 233, 703. 39 fnne,, pounds; 49: GoG.0002S* 22: Wea e ie So ae al ee Ee elena eee 4, 046, 964. 00 Copper; pounds; 'l 449) OMS as eae ee eee 356, 743. 80 Potalwalue seude oe kete ee se. Be ein ee 32, 908, 190. 18 WASHINGTON CouUNTY Gold,fine ouncessal 727: + 2s2 sae see 2 as rege oe at ee i perio 531. 39 silver, fine ounces; 4:270 22000 22 5 tye pe a nn a ee 4, 132. 08 Copper «pounds, 8,400 oo 22ers 2, 068. 08 Potalvahweks += << 4 oc tines ine ye eee eee 6, 551. 55 ToTaLs For STATE For YEAR 1918 Goldyhnetounces,: 30;307 Bos 22 4 Sec ee a ae 750, 482. 83 Silver, finesouncés*9'572,2104. te 22 2. Ses ere ce eon 8, 709, 988. 63 Lead; pounds; 290/848 425 _~ . = EA ee eee tae ee 22, 368, 310. 69 wire spounds:: 51:69) 000s 8) = 2 ke aes See ee ee ee ee 4, 212, 816. 50 Wopper,poundss:5,240:400:-.. -> 2 eon eee ee a eee 1, 278, 483. 78 Sotal: value for 1918.2 225 se eem eke ae nee s = eee 37, 320, 082. 43 otal value for 191 72< |: 22 S355 See ee eae eee Se 56, 292, 210. 00 Decreases ene iS. 5552 5 et. eae eae 18, 972, 127. 57
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO tl
IDAHO MINING DISTRICTS
The following section has in large part been taken from Hill’s Mining Districts of the Western United States (James M. Hill, United States Geological Survey Bulletin 507, 1912), from which the Idaho portion has been reprinted without change except for additions to the bibliography. Such additions have been of titles of papers which have come under the present writers notice which are believed to have some interest, either mineralogically or as related to the metalliferous mines. By no means all of the geologic literature relating to the State is mentioned.
As previously mentioned this classification of the districts has been followed in the body of this manuscript and it has not been possible to revise the text to conform with recent creation of new counties, since it is often difficult to determine, without tedious research and correspondence, just where a given mine or district lies with reference to the changed geographic boundaries.
For references to papers on Idaho geology not mentioned here the reader is referred to John M. Nichols’ bibliographies published as bulletins of the United States Geological Survey, particularly to Bulletins 746 and 747, which are complete for the period from 1785 to 1918, and to subsequent bulletins by the same author. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Mines, No. 166, A Preliminary Report on the Mining Districts of Idaho, Washington, 1919, should also be consulted. Many references not found in this section will be found in footnotes in the body of the present work. References to pub- lished descriptions, in the following tabulation of mining districts are, unless otherwise stated, to publications of the United States Geological Survey. The abbreviations used in stating these are as follows:
M 20 BOneiG Y Monograph.
eee Dee ee ea es = Professional Paper.
BUS Se cee Bulletin.
NARS op Water Supply Paper.
Min; Res. 2. Mineral Resources.
Hollos= == 22.2% Folio of Geologic Atlas of the United States.
Top. sheet____- Topographic map sheet of the topo-
graphic Atlas of the United States. The data given for the Black Hornet district may be taken and explained to give a key to the meaning of the abbreviations, etc., used for the other districts.
12 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Apa County
1. Black Hornet (Highland Valley, Shaw Mtn.) Au, Ag (D., Pl.). 8 miles east of Boise, O. 8. L. R. R. Granite cut by granite-porphyry. Veins. Lindgren, W., The mining districts of Idaho Basin and Boise Ridge, Idaho. 18th Ann. Rept., pt. 3, 1898, pp. 703, 705, 707. Min. Res. 1905, pp. 224-225. 1906, pp. 249-250. 1907, pp. 288-289, pt. 1. 1908, pp. 414, pt. 1. 1909, pp. 431, pt. 1. Top sheet Boise. Folio 45, 1898.
In the first line are given the three names by which the district is known. The abbreviations Au and Ag are chemical symbols indi- cating that gold and silver are the metals mined in the district, gold, mentioned first, being the more important. The abbreviations D and PI. in parenthesis indicate that both deep mines and placers are worked, the deep mines, mentioned first, being the most important. The second line gives the location of the district with reference to the nearest railroad point—8 miles east of Boise station on the Oregon Short Line Railroad. The next line states that the inclosing rocks are granite cut by granite porphyry and the fourth line that the deposits of the deep mines are veins. The references are to the third part of the Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey for 1898 and to several volumes of the series of reports of the United States Geological Survey on the Mineral Resources of the United States. Finally the last two lines indicate that the district is within the area covered by the topographic map of the Boise quad- rangle and by geologic folio No. 45, both published by the United States Geological Survey.
The abbreviations used for the metals mined are as follows:
Au Gold. Ti Titanium. Bi Bismuth.
Ag Silver. Mn Manganese. U_ Uranium.
Cu Copper Ni_ Nickel. VY Vanadium.
Pb Lead. Co Cobalt. Sn. Lin.
Zn Zine. W_ Tungsten. Mo Molybdenum. Hg Mercury. Sb Antimony. Pt Platinum.
Fe _ Iron. As Arsenic. Pd Palladium.
Cr Chromium.
IDAHO
Apa County
1. Black Hornet (Highland Valley, Shaw Mountain). Au, Ag (D, PIl.), 8 miles east of Boise, O. 8S. L. R. R. Granite cut by granite porphyry. Veins.
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO 138
Lindgren, W., The mining districts of Idaho Basin and Boise Ridge, Idaho. 18th Ann. Rept., pt. 3, 1898, pp. 703, 705, 707. Min. Res. 1905, pp. 224-225. 1906, pp. 249-250. 1907, pp. 288-289, pt. 1. 1908, pt. 1, p. 414. 1909, pt. 1, p. 341. Top. sheet Boise. Folio, 45, 1898. . Boise (McIntyre). Au, Ag, 3 to 5 miles east of Boise, O. S. L. R. R. Granite cut by granite porphyry and lamprophyre dikes. Veins. Lindgren, W., The mining districts of Idaho Basin and Boise Ridge, Idaho. 18th Ann. Rept., pt. 3, 1898, p. 705. Min. Res. 1907, pt. 1, p. 288. 1908, pt. 1, p. 414. 1909, pt. 1, p. 341.
. Snake River placers. Au (Pl.).
Stream gravels.
Min. Res. 1905, p. 224.
1907, pt. 1, p. 289.
Top. sheet Bisuka.
Hill, J. M., Notes on the fine gold of Snake River, Idaho. U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 620, pp. 271-294, 1915.
Bell, R. N., The origin of the fine gold of Snake River. Eng. Mining Journ., vol. 73, pp. 143-144, 1902.
Irvine, C. D., Fine gold of Snake River, Idaho. Mining World, vol. 29, p. 917, 1908.
Maguire, Don., Snake River gold fields of Idaho. Mines and Minerals, vol. 20, pp. 56-58, 1899.
Washburn, W. H., Gold in Snake River bars. Mining Scientific Press, vol. 81, pp. 610, 1900.
Cross, C. Whitman, Gold sand from Snake River, Idaho, Colo. Sci. Soc., Proc., vol. 1, pp. 36-87, 1885.
The above references apply generally to Snake River placer sand.
Apams County. (See Washington.)
Bannock County
. Fort Hall. Cu, Ag, Au, Pb., 9 miles east of Pocatello, 1144 miles west of Portneuf, O. 8. L. R. R. Paleozoic sediments and diabase. Veins. Weed, W. H., Copper mines in the United States in 1905. Bull. 285, 1906, pp. 107-108. Weeks, F. B., and Heikes, V. C., Notes on the Fort Hall mining district, Idaho. Bull. 340, 1908, pp. 175-183. Min. Res. 1905, p. 225. 1906, p. 250. 1907, pt. 1, p. 289. 1908, pt. 1, p. 414. 1909, pt. 1, p. 341.
14 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Breger, C. L., The salt resources of the Idaho-Wyoming border, with notes on the geology. U.S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 430, pp. 555-569, 1910
Richards, R. W., and Bridges, J. H., Sulphur deposits near Soda Springs, Idaho. U.S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 470, pp. 499-503, 1911.
Bear Lake Country
5. Bear Lake. Cu., 4 miles east of Montpelier, O. 8. L. R. R. Triassic ‘‘Red Beds.” Disseminations. Gale, H. S., Geology of the copper deposits near Montpelier, Idaho. Bull. 430, 1910, pp. 112-121. Weeks, F. B., and Ferrier, W. F., Phosphate deposits in the western United States. Bull. 315, 1907, pp. 460-461. Weeks, F. B., Phosphate deposits in the western United States. Bull. 340, 1908, pp. 441-444. Min. Res. 1905, p. 225. 1906, p. 250. 1907, pt. 1, pp. 289-290. (Phosphate and Coal) Schultz, A. R., A geologic reconnaissance for phosphate and coal in southeastern Idaho, ete. U.S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 680, 1918. 6. St. Charles. Pb, Ag, Cu. 5 miles south of Paris, O. S. L. R. R. Paleozoic sediments. Veins and replacements. Richards, R. W., Notes on lead and copper deposits in the Bear River Range, Idaho and Utah. Bull. 470, 1911, pp. 177-187.
BineuamM County
Mansfield, G. R. and Larsen, E. S. Nepheline basalt in the Fort Hall Indian Reservation, Idaho. Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 5, pp. 463-468, 1915.
BINGHAM AND BONNEVILLE CoUNTIES
7. Mount Pisgah (Caribou). Cu, Au, Ag. (Pl, D.). 42 miles NNE. Soda Springs, O. S. L. R. R. Min. Res. 1905, p. 225. 1906, p. 250. 1907, pt. 1, p. 290. 1908, pt. 1, p. 415. 1909, pt. 1, p. 342. 8. Snake River placers. Au (PIl.). Steam gravels. Min. Res. 1905, p. 225. 1906, p. 250. 1907, pt. 1, p. 290. 1908, pt. 1, p. 415. 1909, pt. 1,-p. 342.
BuaInr County
Lakes, Arthur, The Dollarhide Mine [Wood River region] Idaho. Mining World, vol. 24, p. 437, 1906.
Umpleby, J. B., Ore deposits in the Sawtooth quadrangle, Blaine and Custer Counties, Idaho. U.S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 580, pp. 221-249, 1914.
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO 15
Blake, W. P., Wood River, Idaho, Silver-lead mines. Eng. Mining Journ., vol. 4, pp. 2-3, 1887.
Lakes, Arthur, Some of the veins of ore deposits of the Wood River district, Idaho. Mining World, vol. 23, pp. 696-697, 1905.
The Wood River mining district of Idaho. Mining World, vol. 34, pp. 307-308, 1911.
Shannon, Earl V., Boulangerite, bismutoplagionite, nammaunite, and a silver- bearing variety of jamesonite. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, pp. 589-607, 1920.
Additional notes on the crystallography and composition of boulangerite. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 1, pp. 423-426, 1921.
9. Antelope. Ag, Pb. 17 miles SW. Darlington, O. S. L. R. R. Min. Res. 1908, pt. 1, p. 416. Prof. Paper 97, p. 119, pp. 1138-114.
10. Camas. Au. 20 miles SW. Hailey, O. 8S. L. R. R. Granite and diorite. Veins. Lindgren, W., The gold and silver veins of Silver City, De Lamar, and other mining districts in Idaho. Twentieth Ann. Rept., pt. 3, 1900, p. 208.
11. Dome. Pb, Ag, Cu, Au. 28 miles NE. Arco, O. S. L. R. R. Paleozoic sediments and granite. Veins and replacements. Eldridge, G. H., A geological reconnaissance across Idaho. Sixteenth Ann. Rept., pt. 2, 1895, pp. 264-271. Min. Res. 1906, p: 251. 1907, pt. 1, p. 291. 1908, pt. 1, p. 416. 1909, pt. 1, pp. 342-343. Umpleby, P. P., U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 97, pp. 1138-115. U. S. Bureau of Mines, Buil. 166, p. 68.
12. Elkhorn (Ketchum). Pb, Ag.
Station O. S. L. R. R.
Paleozoic sediments.
Veins.
Lindgren, W., The gold and silver veins of Silver City, De Lamar, and other mining districts in Idaho. Twentieth Ann. Rept., pt. 3, 1900, pp. 209-211.
Min. Res. 1882, pp. 311-312.
1883, 1884, pp. 424-425. 1885, p. 258.
Top. sheet Hailey.
Jenney, W. P., Graphitic anthracite in the Parker Mine, Wood River, Idaho. Sch. of Mines Quarterly, vol. 10, pp. 813-315, 1889.
Era District P. P. 97, pp. 120-122.
16 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
13. Galena. Pb, Ag. 26 miles NW. Ketchum, O. 8S. L. R. R. Min. Res. 1882, pp. 311-312. 1883-84, pp. 424-425. 1885, p. 258. 1886, p. 146. Top. sheet Sawtooth.
14. Hamilton (Clyde). Cu, Pb, Ag, Au. 28 miles NE. Mackay, O.S. L. R. R. Paleozoic sediments.
Veins.
Min. Res. 1907, pt. 1, p. 291. 1908, pt. 1, p. 416.
Umpleby, P. P. 97, p. 113.
15. Lava Creek (Martin). Ag, Cu, Pb. 24 miles SW. Arco, O. S. L. R. R. Paleozoic sediments, granite. Veins and replacements. Eldridge, G. H., A geological reconnaissance across Idaho. Sixteenth Ann. Rept., pt. 2, 1895, pp. 264-271. Min. Res. 1906, p. 251. 1907, pts 1, p. 29 1908, pt. 1, p. 416. Umpleby, P. P. 97, pp. 122-123. 16. Little Smoky. Au, Pb, Ag. 28 miles west of Hailey, O. S. L. R. R. Paleozoic sediments cut by granite. Veins and replacements. Lindgren, W., The gold and silver veins of Silver City, De Lamar, and other mining districts in Idaho. Twentieth Ann. Rept., pt. 3, 1900, p. 209. Min. Res. 1908, pt. 1, p. 416. 1909, pt. 1, p. 348. Top. sheet Sawtooth. 17. Little Wood River (Muldoon). Pb, Ag. 20 miles east of Bellevue, O. S. L. R. R. Paleozoic sediments. Veins and replacements. Min. Res. 1882, pp. 311-312. 1883-84, pp. 424-425. 1885, p. 258. 1908, pt. 1, p. 416. 1909, pt. 1, p. 343. Finch, Elmer H. Muldoon district, Idaho. U.S. Geol. Surv., 1917, Prof. paper 97, pp. 106-109. 18. Mineral Hill (Hailey). Pb, Ag, Zn, Cu, Au. Station O. 8. L. R. R. Paleozoic sediments cut by granitic rocks. Veins. Lindgren, W., The gold and silver veins of Silver City, De Lamar, and other mining districts in Idaho. Twentieth Ann. Rept., pt. 3, 1900, pp. 190-209.
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO 17
Min. Res. 1882, pp. 311-312. 1883-84, pp. 424-425. 1887, p. 107. 1905, pp. 226-227. 1906, pp. 251-252. 1907, pt. 1, pp. 291-292. 1908, pt. 1, pp. 416-417. 1909, pt. 1, p. 343. Top. sheet Hailey. 19. Rosetta. Au, Ag, Pb, Zn. 30 miles west of Ketchum, O. 8. L. R. R. Paleozoic sediments cut by granitic rocks Veins. Min. Res. 1905, p. 227. 1906, p. 252. 1907, pt. 1, p. 292. 1909, pt. 1, p. 335. Top. sheet Sawtooth.
20. Sawtooth. Ag. 40 miles NW. Ketchum, O. 8. L. R. R Granite. Veins. Min. Res. 1885, p. 258. Top. sheet Sawtooth. 21. Snake River placer (Neeley). Au (PI). Neeley Station, O. 8S. L. R. R. Stream gravels. Min. Res. 1905, p. 227. 1906, p. 252. Hill, J. M., Notes on the fine gold of Snake River, Idaho, U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 62, p. 292, etc., 1915.
22. Soldier. Au (Pl). 33 miles north of Gooding, O. S. L. R. R. Stream gravels. Min. Res. 1908, pt. 1, p. 417. 1909, pt. 1, p. 343. 23. Warm Springs. Ag, Pb, Zn, Au. 12 miles west of Ketchum, O. 8. L. R. R. Min. Res. 1882, pp. 311-312. 1883-84, pp. 424-425. 1905, p. 227. 1906, p. 253. 1907, pt. 1, p. 292. 1908, pt. 1, p. 417. 1909, pt. 1, p. 343. Top sheet Sawtooth.
BotsrE County
Jones, E. L., jr., Lode mining in the Quartzburg and Grimes Pass belt, Boise Basin, Idaho. - U. 8. Geol. Surv., Bull. 640, pp. 83-111, 1916.
Lindgren, W., Monazite from Idaho. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 4, pp. 63-64, 1897. Mining Scientific Press, vol. 75, pp. 168, 1897.
18 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Shannon, Earl V., On galenobismutite from a gold quartz vein in Boise County, Idaho. Wash. Acad. Sci., Journ., vol. 11 pp. 298-300, 1921.
Notes on Anglesite, anthophyllite, calcite datolite, sillimanite, stil- pnomelane, tetrahedrite and triplite. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 58, pp. 437- 453, 1920.
Mineralogy of some black sands from Idaho with a description of the methods used for their study. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 60, art. 3, 33 pp., 1921.
Notes on the mineralogy of three gouge clays from precious metal veins. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 62, art. 9, 1922.
24. Banner. Ag. 76 miles NE. Boise, O. S. L. R. R. Granite. Veins. Top. sheet Bear Valley. (Coal). Bowen, C. F., Coal at Horseshoe Bend and Jerusalem Valley, Boise County, Idaho, U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 531, pp. 245-251, 1913.
25. Moore Creek. Au, monazite (Pl.). . Stream gravels. Top. sheet Idaho Basin.
26. Centerville (Idaho Basin). Au (D, Pl.).
44 miles NE. Boise, O. S. L. R. R.
Granite cut by aplite and lamprophyres.
Veins, stream gravels.
Lindgren, W., The mining districts of Idaho Basin and Boise Ridge, Idaho. Eighteenth Ann. Rept., pt. 3, 1898, pp. 617-744.
Min. Res. 1905, pp. 228-229.
1906, p. 253-254.
1907, pt. 1, p. 293. 1908, pt. 1, pp. 418-419. 1909, pt. 1, p. 344.
Top. sheet Idaho Basin.
Hastings, John B., The Boise Basin in Idaho. Eng. Mining Journ., vol. 58, p. 560, 1894, Scientific Amer. Supplement, vol. 38, pp. 15540-15541, 1894.
Nye, Robert, The Boise Basin mining district. Mining and Scientific Press, vol. 81, p. 400, 1900.
27. Deadwood. Au (PIl.). 80 miles NE. Boise, O. 8S. L. R. R. Stream gravels. Min. Res. 1907, pt. 1, p. 293. 1908, pt. 1, p. 419. 1909, pt. 1, p. 345. Hill, W. H., The Deadwood placer claims, Idaho. Eng. Mining Journal, vol. 60, pp. 225-226, 1895. Top. sheet Bear Valley.
28. Gold Fork (Roseberry). Au (PIl.). 41 miles SE. Evergreen, P. & I. N. R. R. Tertiary gravels. Lindgren, W., The gold and silver veins of Silver City, De Lamar, and other mining districts in Idaho. 20th Ann. Rept., pt. 3, 1900, p. 242.
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO 19
29. Highland Valley. Au (D, Pl.). 18 miles ESE. Boise, O. 8S. L. R. R. Granite cut by granite porphyry. Veins. Min. Res. 1908, pt. 1, p. 414. 1909, pt. 1, p. 345. Top. sheet Boise. Folio 45, 1898. 30. Idaho City (Idaho Basin). Au, monazite (D, Pl.). 36 miles NE. Boise, O. 8S. L. R. R. Granite cut by aplite and lamprophyres. Veins, stream gravels. Lindgren, W., The mining districts of Idaho Basin and Boise Ridge, Idaho. Eighteenth Ann. Rept., pt. 3, 1898, pp. 617-744. Min. Res. 1905, pp. 228-229. 1906, pp. 253-254. 1907, pt. 1, p. 293. 1909, pt. 1, p. 344. Top. sheet Idaho Basin. Moore Creek. (See No. 25.) 31. Payette River placers (Jacobs Gulch). Au (PIl.). Stream gravels. Min. Res. 1908, pt. 1, p. 419. 1909, pt. 1, p. 345. Top. sheets Garden Valley, Squaw Creek.
32. Quartzburg (Idaho Basin). Au, monazite (D, Pl.). 51 miles NNE. Boise, O. 8S. L. R. R. Granite cut by diorite porphyry. Veins, stream gravels. Lindgren, W., The Mining districts of Idaho Basin and Boise Ridge, Idaho. 18th Ann. Rept., pt. 3, 1898, pp. 617-744. Min. Res. 1905, pp. 228-229. 1906, pp. 253-254. 1907, pt. 1, p. 293. 1908, pt. 1, pp. 418-419. 1909, pt. 1, p. 344. Top. sheet Idaho Basin. 33. Summit Flat (Pioneerville). Au, Ag. 50 miles NNE. Boise, O. 8. L. R. R. Granite cut by aplite and lamprophyre. Veins. Lindgren, W., The mining districts of Idaho Basin and Boise Ridge, Idaho. 18th Ann. Rept., pt. 3, 1898, pp. 617-744, p. 695. Min. Res. 1907, pt. 1, p. 294. 1908, pt. 1, p. 420. 1909, pt. 1, p. 345. Top. sheets Idaho Basin, Garden Valley. 34. Twin Springs. Au (PI). 41 miles East of Boise, S. L. R. R. . Stream gravels. Top. sheet Twin Springs.
20 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
35. Westview (Willow Creek, Pearl, Rock Creek). Au, Ag, Pb. 8 miles NE. Emmett, P. & I. N. R. R., 15 miles north of Eagle, O. S. L. R.R. Granite cut by granite and diorite porphyry dikes. Veins. Lindgren, W., The mining districts of Idaho Basin and Boise Ridge, Idaho. 18th Ann. Rept., pt. 3, 1898, p. 707. Min. Res. 1905, p. 229. 1906, p. 255. 1907, pt. 1, p. 294. 1908, pt. 1, p. 420. 1909, pt. 1, p. 345. Top. sheet Boise. Folio 45, 1898. BonNER CouUNTY
(Includes Boundary County)
Curtis, W. M., The Priest Lake mining district, Idaho. Engineering & Mining Jour., vol. 82, p. 866, 1906.
Soper, E. K., The mining districts of northern Idaho. Mining & Sci. Press, vol. 116, pp. 121-127, 1918.
Lancaster, Joseph, The Priest Lake district, Idaho. Mining World, vol. 32, p. 100, 1910.
Daly, Reginald A., Geology of the North American Cordillera at the Forty-ninth Parallel. Canada Dept. Interior, Report of Chief Astronomer for 1910, vols. 2 and 8, pp. 1-799, map, 1918. Also issued as Memoir 38 of Canada Geol. Survey, Ottawa, 1915.
Daly, Reginald A., The differentiation of a secondary magma through gravita- tive adjustment. (Moyie sill in the Purcell Mountain Range, Idaho-Mon- tana). Festschrift Harry Rosenbusch, pp. 203-233, Stuttgart, 1906.
36. East Shore (Clark Fork). Cu, Au, Ag, Pb. Clark Fork and Hope stations, N. P. R. R. Algonkian sediments (Belt Series). Veins. Calkins, F. C., and MacDonald, D. F., A geological reconnaissance in northern Idaho and northwestern Montana. Bull. 384, 1909, pp. 95-97. MacDonald, D. F., Economic features of northern Idaho and _ north- western Montana. Bull. 285, 1906, pp. 47-48. Min. Res. 1907, pt. 1, p. 294. 1908, pt. 1, p. 420. 1909, pt. 1, p. 345. U.S. Bureau of Mines Bull. 166, pp. 14 and 16-17, 1919.
37. Kootenai. Ag. Pb.
40 miles NW. of Iola, G. N. R. R.
38. Mooyie Yaak. Au, Pb, Ag. (Now Boundary County:)
19 miles NE. Bonners Ferry, G. N. R. R.
Calkins, F. C., and MacDonald, D. F., A geological reconnaissance in northern Idaho and Northwestern Montana. Bull. 384, 1909, pp. 107-108.
U.S. Bureau of Mines Bull. 166, p. 14, 1919.
39. Pend Orielle (Blacktail). Au, Ag, Cu, Pb.
5 miles east of Westbound, N. P. R. R.
Pre Cambrian (Belt?) sediments cut by monzonites.
Veins.
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO 91
Calkins, F. C., and MacDonald, D. F., A geological reconnaissance in northern Idaho and Northwestern Montana. Bull, 384, pp. 97-99, 1909. MacDonald, D. F., Economic features of western Idaho and Northwestern Montana. Bull. 285, 1906, pp. 46-47. Min. Res. 1907, pt. 1, p. 294. 1908, pt. 1, pp. 240, 421. 1909, pt. 1, p. 345. Top. sheet Sandpoint. U.S. Bureau of Mines Bull. 166, pp. 15-16, 1909. 40. Pine Creek. Au, Ag, Pb, Zn. 12 miles NNW. Priest River, G. N. R. R. Veins. MacDonald, D. F., Economic features of northern Idaho and northwestern Montana. Bull. 285, 1906, pp. 45-46. Top. sheet, Sandpoint. 41. Priest Lake (Coolin). Pb, Ag, Cu. Au. (Now Boundary County.) 25 miles north of Priest River, G. N. R. R. Pre Cambrian sediments, granite. Veins. Min. Res. 1908, pt. 1, p. 420. 1909, pt. 1, p. 345. U.S. Bureau of Mines, Bull. 166, pp. 13-14, 1919. Top. sheet, Sandpoint.
BONNEVILLE COUNTY (See Bingham County) Cassia COUNTY
Black Pine (Quicksilver). See E. S. Larsen, University of Idaho School of Mines Bull. 2, pp. 65-67, 1920. 42. Connor Creek (Cumora, Stokes). Au, Ag, Pb, Cu. 38 miles SSE. Burley, O. S. L. R. R. Veins. Min. Res. 1905, pp. 229-230. 1906, p. 255. 1907, pt: 1, p. 295: 1908, pt. 1, p. 421. Goose Creek (Coal). See C. F. Bowen, Lignite in the Goose Creek district, Cassia County, Idaho. U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 531, pp. 252-262, 1913. 43. Snake River Placers. Au. (PI.) Stream gravels. Min. Res. 1905, pp. 229-230. 1906, p. 255. 1907, pt. 1, p. 295.
CLEARWATER COUNTY (Formerly part of Nez Perce County)
Shannon, Earl V., Description of vivianite incrusting a fossil tusk from gold placers of Clearwater County, Idaho. U.S. National Museum, Proceedings vol. 59, pp. 415-417, 1921.
gS BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
103. Burnt Creek. Au (Pl.), 35 miles NE. Ahsahka, N. P. R. R. Stream gravels. Min. Res. 1905, p. 237. 1906, p. 261. 1907, pt. 1, p. 304. 1908, pt. 1, p. 429. 1909, pt. 1, p. 351.
104. Moose City. Au (PI.), 80 miles NE. Ahsahka, N. P. R. R. Stream gravels.
105. Musselshell Creek (Weippe). Au, monazite (D, Pl.), 25 miles East of
Greer, N. P. R. R.
Granite, gneiss, and schist.
Veins, stream gravels.
Lindgren, W., A geological reconnaissance across the Bitterroot Range and Clearwater Mountains. P. P. 27, 1904, p. 105.
Schrader, F. C., An occurrence of monazite in northern Idaho. Bull. 430, 1910, pp. 184-190.
Orofino (coal). See Chas. T. Lupton. The Orofino coal field, Clearwater, Lewis and Idaho Counties, Idaho. U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 621, pp. 99-108, 1915.
106. Pierce. Au (D, Pl.), 28 miles NE. Greer, N. P. R. R.
Granite, gneiss, and schist.
Veins, bench gravels.
Lindgren, W., Mineral deposits of the Bitterroot Range and Clearwater Mountains. Bull 213, 1903, pp. 66-70.
A geological reconnaissance across the Bitterroot range and Clearwater Mountains. P. P. 27, 1904, pp. 102-105.
Russell, I. C., Geology and water resources of Nez Perce County, Idaho, ~ pt. 2. W.S. P. 54, 1901.
Min. Res. 1905, p. 237.
1906, pp. 261-262. 1907, pt. 1, p. 304. 1908, pt. 1, p. 429. 1909, pt. 1, p. 351.
CusTER County
Jennings, E. P., The Lost Packer copper gold mine. Canada Mining Institute Journal, vol. 9, pp. 54-57, 1906 and Mining & Scientific Press, vol. 92, pp. 435-436, 1906.
Kemp, J. F., and Gunther, C. G., The White Knob copper deposits at Mackay» Idaho. American Inst. Mining Engrs. Bulletin, vol. 14, pp. 301-328, (1907) and Transactions, vol. 38, pp. 269-296, 1908.
Bell, Robert N., An outline of Idaho geology and of the principal ore deposits of Lemhi and Custer Counties. Fourth International Mining Congress, Pro- ceedings, pp. 64-80, 1901.
The Ramshorn mine at Bayhorse, Idaho. Mines and Minerals, vol. 21, pp. 174-176, 1900.
Ross, Clarence S., and Shannon, Earl V., Mordenite and associated minerals from near Challis, Custer Co., Idaho. U.S. National Museum, Proceedings vol. 64, art. 19, 1924.
Shannon, Earl V., An iron amphibole similar to hudsonite from Custer County, Idaho. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 8, pp. 323-324, 1924.
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO ; 23
Koch, Louis A., A new occurrence of ptilolite. Amer. ‘Mineralogist, vol. 2, pp. 143-144, 1917.
Julien, Alexis A., The volcanic tuffs of Challis, Idaho. (Abstract). New York Academy of Sciences, Trans. vol. 1, pp. 49-56, 1882, Science, vol. 2, pp. 606-609, 1881.
44,
45.
46.
47.
Alder Creek (Lost River, White Knob). Cu, Au, Ag, Pb. Mackay Station, Ooo kin RR. Paleozoic sediments, granite and porphyry. Contact metamorphic. Weed, W. H., the copper mines of the United States in 1905, Bull. 285, 1906, p. 108. Umpleby, J. B., Geology and ore deposits of the Mackay region, Idaho. Prof. Paper 97, 1917. The genesis of the Mackay copper deposits, Idaho. Economic Geology, vol. 9, pp. 307-358, 593-594, 1914. Crystallized chrysocolla from Mackay, Ida. Wash. Acad. Sci. Journ., vol. 4, pp. 181-183, 1914. Schaller, W. T., and Larsen, E. 8., Custerite, a new contact meta- morphic mineral. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 36, pp. 385-394, 1913. Min. Res. 1905, p. 230. 1906, p. 255. 1907, pt. 1, p. 295. 1908, pt. 1, p. 422. 1909, pt. 1, p. 346. Bay Horse. Ag, Pb, Cu, Au., 76 miles NW. of Mackay, O.S. L. R. R. Paleozoic sediments cut by granite. Veins and replacements. Min. Res. 1887, p. 107. 1905, p. 230. 1906, p. 256. 1908, pt. 1, p. 422. 1909, pt. 1, p. 346. Umpleby, J. B., Ore deposits of northwestern Custer County, Idaho. Bull. 539, pp. 59-76, 1913. Bell, Robert N., The Ramshorn mine at Bayhorse. Mines and Minerals, vol. 21, pp. 174-176, 1900.
East Fork. Pb, Ag, 24 miles west of Mackay, O. 8. L. R. R. Min. Res. 1908, pt. 1, p. 422. Umpleby, J. B., P. P. 97, pp. 103-106, 1917.
Loon Creek (Casto, Lost Packer). Au, Ag, Cu. 125 miles NW. Mackay, Woolas he. kv. Precambrian sediments cut by granite and capped by rhyolite. Veins. Umpleby, J. B., A preliminary account of the ore deposits of the Loon Creek district, Idaho. Bull. 530, 1912. Weed, W.H., The copper mines of the United States in 1905. Bull. 285, 1906, p. 108. Umpleby, J. B., Some ore deposits of NW. Custer Co., Idaho. Bull. 539, p. 94, 1913. Min. Res. 1906, p. 256. 1907, pt. 1, p. 295. 1908, pt. 1, p. 422. 1909, pt. 1, p. 346.
24 BULLETIN 1381, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
48. Seafoam. Au, Ag, 109 miles NW. Ketchum, O. 8. L. R. R. Min. Res. 1905, p. 230. 1908, pt. 1, p. 422. 1909, pt. 1, p. 346. Ida. Bur. Geology & Mines, Bull. 3, 1920. Top. sheet, Bear Valley.
49. Sheep Mountian. Ag, Pb. 131 miles NW. Ketchum, O. 8. L. R. R. Granite and schist cut by diorite and quartz porphyry. Replacements. Eldridge, G. H., A geological reconnaissance across Idaho. Sixteenth Ann. Rept., pt. 2, 1895, p. 258. Idaho Bureau Mines & Geology, Bull. 3, pp. 18-17, 1920. Top. sheet Bear Valley.
50. Stanley Basin. Au, Ag (D. PI.). 89 miles NW. of Ketchum, O. 8. L. R. R. Granite and porphyry. Veins, stream gravels. Min. Res. 1905, p. 230. 1906, p. 256. 1907, pt. 1, p. 296. 1908, pt. 1, p. 422. 1909, pt. 1, p. 346. Idaho Bureau of Geology and Mines, Bull. 3, pp. 138-17, 1920. Hess, F. L., and Wells, R. C., Brannerite, a new mineral. Journal Franklin Institute, vol. 189, pp. 225-237, 1920. Top. sheet Bear Valley.
51. Washington Basin. Au, Ag. 48 miles NW. of Ketchum, O. 8. L. R. R. Umpleby, J. B., Ore deposits in the Sawtooth quadrangle, Blaine and Cus- ter Counties, Idaho. Bull. 580, pp. 244-246, 1915.
52. Yankee Fork (Custer). Au, Ag. 114 miles NW. of Mackay, O. S. L. R. R. Tertiary volcanics. Veins. Min. Res. 1905, p. 231. 1906, p. 256. 1907, pt. 1, p. 296. 1908, pt. 1, pp. 421-422. 1909, pt. 1, p. 346. Umpleby, J. B., Some ore deposits in Northwestern Custer County, Idaho. Bull. 539, pp. 80-89, 1913.
ELMorRE CouUNTY
53. Atlanta. Au, Ag (D. Pl). 89 miles NE. Mountain Home, O. 8. L. R. R. Granite cut by quartz porphyry. Veins, stream gravels. Eldridge, G. H., A geological reconnaissance across Idaho. Sixteenth Ann. Rept., pt. 2, 1895, pp. 253-257. Min. Res. 1905, p. 231. 1906, p. 257. 1907, pt. 1, p. 297.
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO 95
53. Atlanta—Continued Min. Res. 1908, pt. 1, pp. 423-424. 1909, pt. 1, p. 347.
Thomson, James. The geology of the territory of Idaho, U. S., and the silver lode of Atlanta (Abstract). Geol. Society of Glasgow, Scotland, Transactions, vol. 8, pp. 173-177, 1886.
Clayton, Joshua E., Atlanta district. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers, Transac- tions, vol. 5, pp. 468-473, 1877, and Engineering and Mining Journal, vol. 23, pp. 374-375, 1877.
Hastings, John B., The Atlanta Lode, Idaho. Engineering and Mining Journal, vol. 59, p. 28, 1895.
Bell, Robert N., Atlanta gold district, Idaho. Engineering and Mining Journal, vol. 86, pp. 176-177, 1908.
Rich gold ore found in Idaho. Engineering and Mining Journal, vol. 102, pp. 783-785, 1916.
Top. sheet Rocky Bar.
54. Black Warrior. Au, Ag.
99 miles NE. Mountain Home, O. 8. L. Granite cut by quartz porphyry. Veins. Min. Res. 1906, p. 256. 1907, pt. 1, p. 297. 1908, pt. 1, p. 4238. 1909, pt. 1, p. 347. Top. sheet Rocky Bar. 55. Highland Valley. Au, Ag (PI.). 25 miles ESE. Boise, O. 8. L. R. R. Stream gravels. Min. Res. 1907, pt. 1, p. 297. 1908, pt. 1, p. 423. 1909, pt. 1, p. 347. Top. sheet Idaho Basin. 56. Neal. Au, Ag. 25 miles SE. Boise, O. S. L. R. R. Granite cut by granite- and syenite-porphyry and lamprophyre. Veins. Lindgren, W., The mining districts of Idaho Basin and Boise Ridge, Idaho. Eighteenth Ann. Rept., pt. 3, 1898, pp. 699-703. Min. Res. 1905, p. 225. 1906, p. 250. 1907, pt. 1, p. 297. 1908, pt. 1, p. 424. 1909, pt. 1, p. 347. Top. sheet Idaho Basin. 57. Pine Grove. Au, Ag. 45 miles NE. Mountain Home, O. 8. L. R. R. Veins (?). Min. Res. 1905, p. 231. 1906, p. 257. 1907, pt. 1, pp. 297-298. 1908, pt. 1, p. 424. 1909, pt. 1, p. 347. Top. sheet Camas Prairie.
54347—267}——3
26 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
58. Rocky Bar (Bear Creek). Au, Ag. 65 miles NE. Mountain Home, O.S. L. R. R. Granite cut by diorite, diabase, and quartz porphyry. Veins. Eldridge, G. R., A geological reconnaissance across Idaho. Sixteenth Ann. Rept., pt. 2, 1895, pp. 250-253. Min. Res. 1907, pt. 1, p. 297. 1908, pt. 1, p. 423. 1909, pt. 1, p. 347. Top. sheet Rocky Bar.
FREMONT CouNTY
Horseshoe Creek (coal). See Woodruff, E. G., The Horseshoe Creek district of the Teton Basin coal field, Fremont County, Idaho. U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 541, pp. 379-388, 1914.
59. Little Lost River (How). Pb, Ag.
25 miles NE. of Arco, O. 8. L. R. R. Min. Res. 1908, pt. 1, p. 424. 1909, pt. 1, p. 347. 60. Skull Canyon (Kaufman). Cu, Pb, Ag, Au. 50 miles West of Dubois, O. 8S. L. R. R. Paleozoic sediments. Replacements. Weed, W. H., The copper mines of the United States,in 1905: Bull. 285, 1906, p. 108. Umpleby, J. B., Prof. Paper 97, pp. 110-112, 1917. Min. Res. 1905, p. 231. 1906, p. 257. 1907, pt. 1, p. 298. 1908, pt. 1, p. 424.
IpaHo County
Jellum, S. P., Central Idaho gold districts (including Lolo, Pardee, Pierce, New- some, Elk City, Orogrande-Fourmile, Buffalo Hump, Dixie, etc.). Northwest Mining News, vol. 3, pp. 83-91, 107-114, 134-139; vol. 4, pp. 2-6, 31-37, 66- 73, (1908-9). Reprinted, 84 pp., Spokane, Wash., 1909.
Maguire, Don, Central Idaho gold field. Mines and Minerals, vol. 19, pp. 289-291, 1899.
Schrader, F. C., An occurrence of monazite in Northern Idaho. U. 8S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 430, pp. 184-190, 1910.
Silliman, Benjaman, jr., On an association of gold with scheelite in Idaho. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 13, pp. 451-452, 1877.
Thomson, Francis A., Gold veins of sundry areas in the Idaho batholith. Eng. and Mining Journ., vol. 118, No. 14, pp. 533-540, 1924.
61. Big Creek. Au, Ag, Pb, Cu. 60 miles west of Kooskia, N. P. R. R. Veins. Min. Res. 1907, pt. 1, p. 299. 1908, pt. 1, p. 425. 1909, pt. 1, p. 348. Livingston, D. C., and Umpleby, J. B., A reconnaissance in south central Idaho. Ida. Bureau Mines and Geology, Bull. 3, pp. 7-12, 1920.
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO oF
62. Camp Howard (White Bird). Cu, Au, Ag.
12 miles SSW. Grangeville, N. P. R. R.
Paleozoic sediments cut by diorite.
Veins.
Lindgren, W., A geological reconnaissance across the Bitterroot Range and Clearwater Mountains in Montana and Idaho. P. P. 27, 1904, p. 107.
Min. Res. 1907, pt. 1, p. 299.
1908, pt. 1, p. 425.
63. Cottonwood Buttes. Au, Ag, Cu.
Cottonwood station, N. P. R. R. Pretertiary sediments.
Veins.
Lindgren, W. P. P. 27, 1904, pp. 106-107.
64. Crooks Corral. Au, Ag (PIl.).
65
66
51 miles north of Evergreen, P. & I. N. R. R. Bench gravels. Min. Res. 1907, pt. 1, p. 299.
1908, pt. 1, p. 425.
. Dewey (Harpster). Au, Cu.
7 miles west of Grangeville, N. P. R. R. Slates and schist cut by diorite.
Veins. Lindgren, W., P. P. 27, 1904, pp. 105-106.
. Dixie. Au, Ag.
78 miles southeast of Grangeville, N. P. R. R. Granite. Veins. Lindgren, W., Mineral deposits of the Bitterroot Range and Clearwater Mountains, Montana. Bull. 2138, 1903, pp. 66-70. A geological reconnaissance across the Bitterroot Range and Clearwater Mountains in Idaho and Montana. P. P. 27, 1904, pp. 91-96. Min. Res. 1905, p. 232. 1906, p. 258. 1907, pt. 1, p. 299. 1908, pt. 1, p. 425. 1909, pt. 1, p. 348. U. 8S. Bureau of Mines Bull. 166, p. 41, 1919. Livingston, D. C., and Stewart, C. A., The geology and ore deposits of the Dixie district, Idaho. Idaho University Bulletin 9, No. 2, 1914.
67. Elk City. Au, Ag (D. Pl).
52 miles SE. of Grangeville, N. P. R. R. Pre-Cambrian gneiss cut by granite. Veins, stream gravels. Lindgren, W., Mineral deposits of the Bitterroot Range and Clearwater Mountains, Montana. Bull. 213, pp. 66—70. A geological reconnaissance across the Bitterroot Range and Clearwater Mountains, in Montana and Idaho. P. P. 27, 1904, pp. 91—96. Min. Res. 1905, p. 232. 1906, p. 258. 1907, pt. 1, p. 299. 1908, pt. 1, p. 425. 1909, pt. 1, p. 348.
28 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
67. Elk City—Continued. Flagg, Arthur L., The Elk City mining district, Idaho. Amer. Inst. Mining Eng., Bull., vol. 76, pp. 571-580; Trans., vol. 45, pp. 113-122, map, 1914. 68. Florence. Au (D, Pi.). 42 miles SSE. of Grangeville, N. P. R. R. Granite. Veins, stream gravels. Lindgren, W., Mineral deposits of the Bitterroot Range and Clearwater Mountains, Montana and Idaho. Bull. 213, pp. 66-70, 1905. The gold and silver veins of Silver City, De Lamar and other Mining districts of Idaho. Twentieth Ann. Rept., pt. 3, 1900, pp. 232- 237. Min. Res. 1905, p. 232. 1906, p. 258. 1907, pt. 1, p. 299. 1909, pt. 1, p. 348. 69. Maggie. Au (PIl.). 8 miles east of Kooskia, N. P. R. R. Stream gravels. Min. Res. 1906, p. 258. 70. Marshall (Resort). Au. Ag (D. Pl.). 50 miles NE. of Evergreen, P. & I. N. R. R. Granite. Viens, stream gravels. Lindgren, W., The gold and silver veins of Silver City, De Lamar, and other mining districts in Idaho. Twentieth Ann. Rept., pt. 3, 1900, p. 277. Min. Res. 1905. p. 252. 1907, pt. 1, p. 300. 1908, pt. 1, p. 425. 1909, pt. 1, p. 348. 71. Newsome. Au (D. Pl.). 31 miles east of Grangeville, N. P. R. R. Pre-Cambrian gneiss, cut by granite. Veins, terrace gravels. Lindgren, W., Mineral deposits of the Bitterroot Range and Clearwater Mountains, Montana. Bull. 213, 1903, pp. 66-70. Min. Res. 1905, p. 233. 1906. p. 258. 1907, pt. 1, p. 300. 1908, pt. 1, p. 425. 1909, pt. 1, p. 348. 72. Orogrande. Au, Ag (D. Pl.). 61 miles SE. of Grangeville, N. P. R. R. Pre-Cambrian gneiss cut by granite. Veins, stream gravels. Lindgren, W., A geological reconnaissance across the Bitterroot Range and Clearwater Mountains in Montana and Idaho. P. P. 27, 1904, pp. 94-98. Min. Res. 1905, p. 233. 1906, pp. 425-426. 1909, pt. 1, p. 349.
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO 29
73. Profile. Au. 151 miles NE. of Emmett, P. & I. N. R. R. Tertiary volcanics. Veins and impregnations.
74. Robbins (Buffalo Hump). Au, Ag. 50 miles SE. of Grangeville, N. P. R. R. Granite schist cut by granite dikes. Veins. Lindgren, W., Mineral deposits of the Bitterroot Range and Clearwater Mountains, Montana. Bull. 213, 1903, pp. 66—70. A geological reconnaissance across the Bitterroot Range and Clearwater Mountains in Idaho and Montana. P.P. 27, 1904, pp. 99-102. Min. Res. 1995, p. 2383. 1906, pp. 258-259. 1907, pt. 1, p. 300. 1908, pt. 1, p. 426. 1909, pt. 1, p. 349. Flagg, Arthur L., Buffalo Hump mining district, Idaho. Mining World, vol. 38, pp. 813-814, 1913. Whittle, C. L., The Buffalo Hump mining camp, Idaho. Eng. and Mining Journ., vol. 68, pp. 215-216, 1899.
75. Salmon River placers (Simpson). Au, Ag (PI.). Stream gravels. Min. Res. 1905, pp. 233-234. 1906, p. 259. 1907, pt. 1, p. 300. 1908, pt. 1, p. 426. 1909, pt. 1, p. 349.
76. Thunder Mountain. Au, Ag. 139 miles NE. Emmett, P. & I. N. R. R. Tertiary volcanics. Veins and impregnations. Min. Res. 1905, p. 234. 1906, p. 259. 1907, pt. 1, p. 300. 1908, pt. 1, p. 426. 1909, pt. 1, p. 349. L’Hame, Wm. E., Thunder Mountain, Idaho. Mines and Minerals, vol. 21, p. 558, 1901. Thunder Mountain district, Idaho. Mines and Minerals, vol. 24, pp. 207-209, 1903. Umpleby, J. B., and Livingston, D. C., A reconnaissance in south central Idaho. Idaho Bureau Mines and Geology, Bull. 3, pp. 3-6, 1920.
77. Warren. Au, Ag, Cu (D. PIl.).
67 miles NE. of Evergreen, P. & I. N. R. R.
Granite cut by lamprophyre dikes.
Veins.
Lindgren, W., The gold and silver veins of Silver City, De Lamar, and other mining districts in Idaho. Twentieth Ann. Rept. pt. 3, 1900, pp. 237-249.
Min. Res. 1905, p. 234.
1906, p. 259. 1907, pt. 1, pp. 300-301.
80 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
77. Warren—Continued. Min. Res. 1908, pt. 1, p. 426. 1909, pt. 1, p. 349. Hill, W. H., The Little Giant mine at Warren, Idaho. Eng. and Mining Journ., vol. 62, p. 417, 1896.
KootTenal County
78. Camas Cove (Tyson). Au (PI.). 18 miles SSE. of St. Maries, C. M. & St. P. R. R. Stream gravels. Min. Res. 1905, p. 234. 1907, pt. 1, p. 301. 1908, pt. 1, p. 426. U.S. Bureau of mines, Bull. 166, pp. 17-18.
79. Lakeview. Ag, Pb.
15 miles east of Athol, N. P. R. R.
Pre-Cambrian sediments.
Veins.
Calkins, F. C., and MacDonald, D. F., A geological reconnaissance in western Idaho and northwestern Montana. Bull. 384, 1909, pp. 43, 60, 62, 95-96.
Min. Res. 1905, p. 234.
1906, p. 259. U. S. Bureau of mines, Bull. 166, pp. 14-15, 1919. Top. sheet, Rathdrum.
80. Medimont. Ag. Cataldo and Dudley stations, O. W. R. & N. R. R. Algonkian sediments. Veins. Min. Res. 1905, p. 234.
LatTaH County
Kunz, George F., On the occurrence of opal in northern Nevada and Idaho. Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 21, pp. 214-215, 1912. Sterrett, D. B., Mica in Idaho and New Mexico and Colorado. U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 530, pp. 375-390, 1913. Shannon, Earl V., Note on a garnet from a pegmatite in Idaho. Amer. Mineral- ogist, vol. 7, pp. 171-173, 1922. 81. Gold Creek (Potlatch). Au (PIL.). Station, W. I. & M. R. R. Stream gravels. Min. Res. 1905, p. 234. 1907, pt. 1, p. 301. 1908, pt. 1, p. 426. U.S. Bureau of mines, Bull. 166, p. 34, 1919.
82. Hoodoo (Blackbird). Au, Cu (D. PIl.). 8 to 12 miles NNE. of Harvard, W. I. & M. R. R. Min. Res. 1905, p. 234. 1907, pt. 1, p. 301. 1908, pt. 1, p. 426. Livingston, D. C. and Laney, F. B., Idaho Bureau of Geology and Mines, Bull. 1, pp. 92-97, 1920.
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO 31
83. Moscow. Au (PI. D.). Station, N. P. R. R. Stream gravels. Min. Res. 1905, p. 234. 1906, p. 259. 1907, pt. 1, p. 301. Top. sheet, Pullman. Lemui County
Hidden, Wm. Earl., The Hayden Creek, Idaho, meteorite. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 9, pp. 367-368, 1900.
Ross, Clyde P., A new copper district near Salmon, Idaho. Eng. and Mining Jour., vol. 118, pp. 205-208, 1924.
84. Blackbird. Cu, Au, Ag, Ni, Co. 25 miles west of Noble, C. & P. R. R. Pre-Cambrian schist cut by basic dikes and granite. Veins and replacements. Umpleby, J. B., Ore deposits of Lemhi County, Idaho. Bull. 528, pp. 159-165, 1913.
85. Bluewing (Patterson Creek). Ag, W.
80 miles north of Mackay, O. 8S. L. R. R.
Granite.
Veins.
Umpleby, J. B., Bull. 528, pp. 109-112, 1913. 86. Carmen Creek, Au, Cu.
Station G. & P. R. R.
Pre-Cambrian schists.
Veins.
Min. Res. 1907, pt. 1, p. 320.
Umpleby, J. B., Bull. 528, pp. 126-127, 1913.
87. Eldorado (Geertson). Au. 10 miles NE. of Baker, G. & P. R. R. Pre-Cambrian schists cut by basic dikes. Veins. Min. Res. 1905, p. 236. 1908, pt. 1, p. 427. 1909, pt. 1, p. 350. Umpleby, J. B., Bull. 528, pp. 123-124, 1913.
88. Eureka. Au, Ag. 8 miles NW. of Salmon, G. & P. R. R. Pre-Cambrian schist cut by granite. Veins. Min. Res. 1907, pt. 1, p. 320. 1908, pt. 1, p. 427. Umpleby, J. B., Bull. 528, pp. 157-158, 1918.
89. Forney (Gravel Range). Au, Ag (D, Pl.). 46 miles SW. of Salmon, G. & P. R. R. Tertiary volcanics.
Veins.
Min. Res. 1905, p. 236. 1907, pt. 1, p. 320. 1908, pt. 1, p. 427. 1909, pt. 1, p. 350.
a2 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
89. Forney—Continued. Umpleby, J. B., Bull. 528, pp. 174-175, 1913. Carr, H. C., Vein structure in the Monument mine. Mining Scientific Press, vol. 98, pp. 557-558, 1909. 90. McDevitt. Au (D, Pl.). Sunfield station, G. & P. R. R. Pre-Cambrian schists. Veins, stream gravels. Min. Res. 1905, p. 236. 1909, pt. 1, p. 351. Umpleby, J. B., Bull. 528, pp. 118-119, 1913. 91. Gibbonsville. Au, Ag (D, Pl.). Station, G. & P. R. R. Pre-Cambrian slates. Veins. Lindgren, W., Bull. 213, pp. 66—70, 1903. P. P. 27, p. 90, 1904. Bacorn, H. C., A complicated Fault system. Eng. & Mining Journ., vol 79, p. 324, 1905. Lincoln, F. C., Gold deposits of Gibbonsville, Idaho. Mining Sci. Press., vol. 105, pp. 47-49, 1912. Umpleby, J. B., Bull. 528, 1913. 92. Indian Creek (Ulysses). Au, Ag, Cu. 17 miles WNW. of Noble, G. & P. R. R. Pre-Cambrian schist cut by granitic dikes. Veins. Min. Res. 1905, p. 236. 1906, pp. 260-261. 1907, pt. 1, p. 320. 1908, pt. 1, p. 427. 1909, pt. 1, p. 350. Umpleby, Bull. 528, pp. 187-138, 1913. 93. Junction. Pb, Ag. Station, G. & P. R. R. Paleozoic sediments cut by acidic intrusions. Veins. Min. Res. 1907, pt. 1, p. 302. 1908, pt. 1, p. 428. 1909, pt. 1, p. 350. Umpleby, J. B., Bull. 528, pp. 114-115, 1913. 94. Kirtley Creek. Au (PI, D.). 10 miles East of Sunfield, G. & P. R. R. Pre-Cambrian shists cut by basic dikes. Veins, stream gravels. Min. Res. 1907, pt. 1, pp. 302-303. 1908, pt. 1, p. 428. Umpleby, J. B., Bull. 528, pp. 124-125, 1913. 95. Leesburg (Arnett Creek). Au (Pl. D.). 16 miles west of Salmon, G. & P. R. R. Pre-Cambrian schists cut by granite. Veins, stream gravels. Min. Res. 1905, p. 236. 1907, pt. 1, p. 303. 1908, pt. 1, p. 428. Umpleby, J. B., Bull. 528, p. 148, 1913.
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO 88
96. Mackinaw. Au, Ag (Pl. D.). 20 miles NW. of Salmon, G. & P. R. R. Pre-Cambrian complex cut by granite. Veins, stream gravels. Min. Res. 1907, pt. 1, p. 303. 1908, pt. 1, p. 428. 1909, pt. 1, p. 350. Umpleby, J. B., Bull. 528, pp. 150-152, 1913. 97. Mineral Hill (Shoup). Au (D, Pl.). 13 miles west of Noble, G. & P. R. R. Gneiss cut by granite porphyry and diorite. Veins, stream gravels. Lindgren, W., P. P. 27, pp. 66, 89-90, 1904. Min. Res. 1905, p. 236. 1906, p. 261. 1907, pt. 1, p. 303. 1908, pt. 1, p. 428. 1909, pt. 1, p. 351. Umpleby, J. B., Bull. 528, pp. 140, 141, 1913. 98. Parker Mountain. Ag, Au. 75 miles SW. of Salmon. G. & P. R. R. Tertiary volcanics. Veins. Min. Res. 1905, p. 236. 1906, p. 261. 1907, pt. 1, pp. 303-304. 1908, pt. 1, p. 428. Umpleby, J. B., Bull. 528, pp. 177-178, 1913 99. Pratt Creek. Au, Ag, Pb (Pl, D.). 10 miles east of Baker, G. & P. R. R. Pre-Cambrian schist. Veins, stream gravels. Min. Res. 1908, pt. 1, p. 428. Umpleby, J. B., Bull. 528, p. 121, 1913.
100. Spring Mountain. Pb, Ag, Cu, Au. 38 miles SSE. Junction. G. & P. R. R., 60 miles NE. of Mackey, O.S:.b..K. FR. Paleozoic sediments, cut by diorite. Veins and replacements. Min. Res. 1887, p. 107. 1907, pt. 1, p. 303. 1908, pt. 1, p. 428. 1909, pt. 1, p. 351. Umpleby, J. B., Bull. 528, pp. 86-87, 1913. 101. Texas Creek (Gilmore). Pb, Ag, Au. 19 miles south of Junction, G. & P. R. R., 80 miles NNW. Dubois, Ons. Le Ren: Paleozoic sediments cut by basic dikes. Veins and replacements. Min. Res. 1905, pp. 235-236. 1906, pp. 261, 446. 1907, pt. 1, p. 303.
54347—26}—4
34 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
101. Texas Creek—Continued. Min. Res. 1908, pt. 1, p. 428. 1909, pt. 1, p. 351.
Umpleby, J. B., Bull. 528, pp. 104-110, 1913.
Nichols, Ralph, Lead-silver mines of Gilmore, Lemhi Co., Idaho. Amer. Inst. Mining. Eng., Bull., vol. 83, pp. 2625-2627, 1913, Trans., vol. 46, pp. 937-939, 1914.
Shannon, Earl V., Ludwigites from Idaho and Korea. Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Museum, vol. 59, pp. 667-676, 1921.
102. Yellowjacket. Au (D. Pl). 58 miles WSW. of Salmon, G. & P. R. R. Schist (Precambrian?) cut by rhyolite and andesite-porphyry and minette. Veins. Eldridge, G. H., Sixteenth Ann. Rept., pt. 2, pp. 259-264, 1895. Min. Res. 1905, p. 236. 1906, p. 261. 1907, pt. 1, p. 304. 1908, pt. 1, p. 428. 1909, pt. 1, p. 351.
OwYHEE CouUNTY
Brown, H. 8., and Mudgett, F. G., The De Lamar mine of Southwestern Idaho. Calif. Journ. Technology, vol. 12, pp.£35—41, 1908.
Gale, Hoyt 8., Nitrate deposits. U. 8.fGeol. Survey, Bull."523, p. 36,%1912.
Mansfield, G. R., Nitrate deposits in southern Idaho and eastern Oregon. Bull. 620, pp. 19-44, 1915.
Shannon, Earl V., On the occurrence of ilvaite in the South Mountain district, Owyhee County, Idaho. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 45, pp. 118-125, 1918.
The occurrence of bindheimite as an ore mineral. Economic Geology,
vol. 15, pp. 88-93, 1920.
Boulangerite, bismutoplagionite, naumannite, and, 'a silver-bearing
variety of jamesonite. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Museum, vol. 58, pp. 589-607, 1920.
An occurrence of naumannite in Idaho. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 50, pp.
589-607, 1920.
Owyheeite. Amer. Mineralogist, vol. 6, pp. 82-83, 1921.
Notes on the mineralogy of three gouge clays from precious metal veins.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, vol. 62, art. 15, 1922.
107. Carson (War Eagle, Silver City, Florida Mountain). Ag, Au. 23 miles SSW. of Murphy, I. N. R. R. Granite and Tertiary volcanics. Veins. Lindgren, W., The Gold and silver veins of Silver City, De Lamar, and other mining districts in Idaho. Twentieth Ann. Rept., pt. 3, pp. 146-157, 1900. Min. Res. 1905, pp. 237-238. 1906, pp. 262-264. 1907, pt. 1, p. 305. 1908, pt. 1, pp. 429-430. 1909, pt. 1, p. 352.
Top. sheet Silver City.
Folio, 104, 1904.
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO 85
108. De Lamar. Au, Ag.
31 miles SSW. Murphy, I. N. R. R.
Tertiary volcanics.
Veins.
Eldridge, G. H., A geological reconnaissance across Idaho. Sixteenth Ann. Rept., pt. 2, 1895, pp. 271-274.
Lindgren, W., The gold and silver veins of Silver City, De Lamar, and other mining districts in Idaho. Twentieth Ann. Rept., pt. 3, 1900, pp. 106-147.
Min. Res., 1907, pt. 1, p. 305.
1908, pt. 1, pp. 429-430.
Top. sheet Silver City.
Folio 104, 1904.
109. Flint. Ag, Au.
40 miles SSW. of Murphy, I. N. R. R.
Granite and diorite.
Veins.
Lindgren, W., The gold and silver veins of Silver City, De Lamar, and other mining districts in Idaho. Twentieth Ann. Rept., pt. 3, 1900, pp. 187-199.
Min. Res. 1909, pt. 1, p. 352.
110. Mammoth. Au, Ag. 33 miles SSW. of Murphy, I. N. R. R. Granite. Veins. Lindgren, W., The gold and silver veins of Silver City, De Lamar, and other mining districts in Idaho. Twentieth Ann. Rept., pt. 3, 1900, p. 188.
111. Snake River Placers. Au (PI.). Stream gravels. Min. Res., 1907, pt. 1, p. 306. 1908, pt. 1, p. 430. Top. sheet Bisuka, Silver City. Folio 104, 1904. 112. South Mountain. Pb, Ag, Cu. 46 miles SSW. of Murphy, I. N. R. R. Schist, diorite, and limestone. contact metamorphic, veins. Lindgren, W., The gold and silver veins of Silver City, De Lamar, and other mining districts of Idaho. Twentieth Ann. Rept., p. 3, 1900, p. 188. Min. Res., 1906, p. 446. 1907, pt. 1, pp. 305-306. Bell, R. N., South Mountain, Idaho: Eng. & Mining Journ., vol. 83, pp. 283-284, 1907.
SHOSHONE CoUNTY
The ore deposits of Shoshone County are nearly all in what is popularly known as the Coeur d’Alene Region or district, which has, for administrative and other purposes, been subdivided into the Beaver, Eagle, Evolution, Hunter, Leland, Pine Creek, Placer Center, St. Regis, Summit, Yreka, and other subdistricts. The following papers apply to several or all of these.
36 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Auerbach, Herbert S., The North Side of the Coeur d’Alene district. Eng. and Mining Journ., vol. 86, pp. 65-70, 1908.
Tungsten ore deposits of the Coeur d’Alene. Eng. and Mining Journ., vol. 86, pp. 1146-1148, 1908.
Calkins, F. C., Geology and ore deposits of the Coeur d’Alene (discussion). Econ. Geology, vol. 4, pp. 258-261, 1909.
Finlay, J. R., The mining industry of the Coeur d’Alenes, Idaho. Amer. Inst. Mining Eng., Trans., vol. 33, pp. 235-271, 1903.
Huston, George, Notes on the geology of the Snowstorm mine, Idaho. Eng. and Mining Journ., vol. 90, pp. 1109-1110, 1910.
Pritchard formation rocks. Mining World, vol. 36, p. 305, 1912.
The copper beds of the Coeur d’Alene. Mining and Sci. Press, vol. 110, pp. 145-147, 1915.
Ingalsbe, F. R., The Coeur d’ Alene mining district, Idaho. Eng. Mining Journ., vol. 96, pp. 156-159, 19138.
Ransome, F. L., The Coeur d’ Alene district. Mining Mag., vol. 12, pp. 26-32; 1905.
Rowe, J. P., Mining in the Coeur d’ Alene district, Idaho. Mines and Minerals, vol. 28, pp. 549, 551, 1908.
The Coeur d’Alene mining district, Idaho. Mining World, vol. 29, pp. 739-740, 777-778, 843-845 (1908); vol. 30, pp. 11-14, 89-92, 117-120, 318- 320, 357-358, 428-430, 1909.
Wiard, Edward S., Ore dressing in the Coeur d’Alene district, Idaho. Eng. Mining Journ., vol. 88, pp. 1055-1060, 1909.
Allen, R. C., Equipment and methods at the Hecla mine. Eng. Mining Journ., vol. 89, pp. 311-3138, 1910.
Hershey, Oscar H., Some Tertiary and Quaternary geology of western Montana, northern Idaho, and eastern Washington. Geol. Soc. Amer., Bull. 23, pp. 517— 536, 1912.
Genesis of lead-silver ores in Wardner district, Idaho. Mining Sci.
Press, vol. 104, pp. 750-743, 786-790, 825-827, 1912.
Origin of lead, zine, and silver in the Coeur d’Alene. Mining Sci. Press,
vol. 107, pp. 489-4938, 529-533, 1913.
Origin and distribution of ore in the Coeur d’Alene, 32 pp. (Private
publication, 1916, see Mining Sci. Press, vol. 112, p. 734, 1916.)
Genesis of Success zinc-lead deposit (discussion). Econ. Geology, vol.
12, pp. 548-558, 1917.
Geology of the Success mine. Mining Sci. Press, vol. 116, p. 470, 1918.
Clayton, Joshua E., The Coeur d’Alene silver-lead mines. Eng. Mining Journ., vol. 45, pp. 108-109, 1888.
Moore, 8. R., Geology of the Suecess mine. Mining Sci. Press, vol. 116, p. 8, 1918.
Umpleby, J. B., Genesis of the Success zine-lead deposit, Coeur d’ Alene district, Idaho. Econ. Geology, vol. 12, pp. 138-153, 1917.
Ray, James C., The copper beds of the Coeur d’Alene. Mining Sci. Press, vol. 110, pp. 299-301, 1915.
Lammers, Theo. L., The Murray gold belt, Idaho. Mining Sci. Press, vol. 94, pp. 6386-637, 1907.
Campbell, W., The microstructure of a complex ore from the Frisco mine, Gem, Idaho. Eng. Mining Journ., vol. 87, pp. 260-261, 1909.
Calkins, F. C., and Jones, E. L., jr., Geology of the St. Joe-Clearwater region, Idaho. U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 530, pp. 75-86, 1913.
Economic geology of the region around Mullan, Idaho, and Saltese,
Montana. U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 540, pp. 167-211, 1914.
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO ‘37
Shannon, Earl V., Secondary enrichment in the Caledonia mine, Coeur d’ Alene district, Idaho. Econ. Geology, vol. 8, pp. 565-570, 1913. On a supposed new occurrence of plattnerite in the Coeur d’Alene. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 36, pp. 427-428, 1913. Crystals of pyromorphite. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 43, pp. 325-327, 1917. Notes on unusual masses of plattnerite. Amer. Mineralogist, vol. 2, pp. 15-17, 1917. On mulianite, a new member of the jamesonite group from two localities. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 45, pp. 66-70, 1918. Some minerals from the Stanley antimony mine, Idaho. Amer. Mineralogist, vol. 3, pp. 23-27, 1918. Anglesite from the Coeur d’Alene district, Idaho. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 47, pp. 287-292, 1919. Linarite and leadhillite from Idaho. Amer. Mineralogist, vol. 4, pp. 93-94, 1919. - The occurrence of bindheimite as an ore mineral. Econ. Geology vol. 15, pp. 88-93, 1920. Petrography of some lamprophyrie dike rocks of the Coeur d’Alene district, Idaho. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Museum, vol. 57, pp. 475-495, 1920. Notes on anglesite, calcite, tetrahedrite, etc. Proc. U.S. Nat. Museum, vol. 58, pp. 487-453, 1920. Boulangerite, bismutoplagionite, naumannite, and a silver-bearing variety of jamesonite. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Museum, vol. 58, pp. 589-607, 1920. Ferroanthophyllite, an orthorhombic iron amphibole from Idaho. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Museum, vol. 59, pp. 397-401, 1921. An occurrence of iron-cobalt-bearing gersdorffite from Idaho. Wash. Acad. Sci. Journ., vol. 14, pp. 275-277, 1924. Hawkins, E. N., and Hawkins, J. D. Plattnerite from Idaho. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 38, pp. 165-166, 1889. Wheeler, H. A., Plattnerite from Idaho. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 38, pp. 79, 1889. Yeates, Wm. S., Plattnerite and its occurrence near Mullan, Idaho. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 43, pp. 407-412, 1892. Stewart, Chas. A., A comparison of the Coeur d’Alene monzonite with other plutonic rocks of Idaho. Journ. Geology, vol. 22, pp. 684-688, 1914. Jones, Edw. L., jr., A reconnaissance of the Pine Creek district, Idaho. U.S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 710A, pp. 1-36, 1919. Umpleby, J. B., and Jones, Edw. L., jr., Geology and ore deposits of Sho- shone County, Idaho. U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 732, pp. 1-156, 1923. 113. Bald Mountain (Monitor). Cu, Au. 514 miles west of Saltese, Mont. N. P. R. R., C. M. & St. P. R. R. Pre-Cambrian sediments cut by diabase. Veins. Collier, A. J., Ore deposits in the St. Joe River Basin, Idaho. Bull. 285, 1906, pp. 135-136. Pardee, J. T., Geology and mineralization of the upper St. Joe River Basin, Idaho. Bull. 470, 1911, pp. 39-61. Top. sheet Avery.
114. Beaver (Coeur d’ Alene). Pb, Ag, Cu, Au, (D. Pl.). 4 miles northwest of Burke, N. P. R. R. Pre-Cambrian sediments. Veins. Ransome, F. L., Ore deposits of the Coeur d’Alene district, Idaho. Bull. 260, 1905, pp. 274-303.
38 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
114. Beaver—Continued. Ransome, F. L., and Calkins, F. C., The geology and ore deposits of the Coeur d’Alene district, Idaho. P. P. 62, 1908. Min. Res. 1905, p. 240. 1906, pp. 264, 445-446. 1907, pt. 1, p. 308. 1908, pt. 1, p. 481. 1909, pt. 1, pp. 353-354. Umpleby & Jones, Bull. 732, above. U.S. Bureau of Mines, Bull. 166, p. 19, 1919. Top sheet, Coeur d’Alene special. 115. Black Prince. Cu. St. Joe station, C. M. & St. P. R. R. Pre-Cambrian quartzite cut by granite. Veins. Collier, A. J., Bull. 285 (above), 1906, p. 136. Pardee, J. T., Bull. 470 (above), 1911, pp. 39-61. Top. sheet, Avery.
116. Eagle (Murray, Coeur d’Alene). Au, (Pb, Ag).
Paragon station, I. N. R. R.
Pre-Cambrian sediments cut by acidic intrusives.
Veins.
Lindgren, W., A geological reconnaissance across the Bitterroot Range and Clearwater Mountainsin Montanaand Idaho. P. P. 27, pp. 108-111, 1904.
Ransome, F. L., Bull. 260 (above), pp. 274-303, 1905.
Ransome and Calkins. P. P. 62 (above), 1908.
Min. Res. 1905, p. 240.
1906, pp. 264, 445-446. 1907, pt. 1, p. 308.
1908, pt. 1, p. 481.
1909, pt. 1, pp. 354, 579.
Top. sheet, Coeur d’Alene special.
117. Evolution (Coeur d’Alene). Pb, Ag, Cu, Au. Kellogg station, O. W. R. & N. R. R. Pre-Cambrian sediments.
Veins. Ransome, F. L., Bull. 260, pp. 274-303 (above), 1905. Ransome and Calkins, P. P. 62 (above), 1908. Umpleby and Jones (above), Bull. 732, 1923. Min. Res. 1905, p. 240. 1906, pp. 264, 445, 446. 1908, pt. 1, p. 432. 1909, pt. 1, p. 354. U.S. Bureau of Mines, Bull. 166, p. 19, 1919. Top, sheet, Coeur d’Alene special.
118. Hunter (Mullan, Coeur d’Alene). Pb, Ag, Cu, Au. Mullan station, N. P. R. R. Pre-Cambrian sediments. Veins. Ransome (above), Bull. 260, pp. 274-303, 1905. Ransome and Calkins (above), P. P. 62, 1908. Calkins and Jones (above), Bull. 540. pp. 167-211, 1914. U.S. Bureau of Mines, Bull. 166, p. 20, 1919.
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO 89
118. Hunter—Continued. Min. Res. 1905, p. 240. 1906, pp. 264, 445-446. 1907, pt. 1, pp. 308-309. 1908, pt. 1, pp. 207-208, 432-433. 1909, pt. 1, pp. 354-355. Top. sheet Coeur d’Alene special.
119. Leland (Burke, Coeur d’Alene). Pb, Ag, Au, Cu, Zn. Burke station, N. P. R. R. Pre-Cambrian sediments cut by monozonite. Veins. Ransome, F. L. (above), Bull. 260, 1905, pp. 274-303. Ransome and Calkins (above), P. P. 62, 1908. Umpleby and Jones (above), Bull. 732, 1923. U.S. Bureau of Mines Bull. 166, 1919. Min. Res. 1905, pp. 240-250. 1906, pp. 264-265, 445-446. 1907, pt. 1, pp. 309-310. 1908, pt. 1, p. 433. 1909, pt. 1, pp. 355-356. Top. sheet Coeur d’Alene special. 120. Pine Creek. Pb, Ag, Zn. 12 miles SSE. Kingston, O. W. R. & N. R. R. Pre-Cambrian sediments. Veins. Calkins, F. C., and MacDonald, D. F., A geological reconnaissance in northern Idaho and northwestern Montana. Bull. 384, 1909, pp. 94-95. Jones, E. L. jr., A reconnaissance of the Pine Creek district, Idaho. Bull. 7104, pp. 1-36, 1919. Brainard, Robt. I., Antimony mining in the Coeur d’ Alene district, Idaho. Mining World, vol. 44, pp. 351-353, 1916. U. 8. Bureau of Mines Bull. 166, p. 21, 1919. Top. sheet, Cataldo. 121. Placer Center (Wallace, Coeur d’Alene). Pb, Ag, Cu. Zn, W. Wallace station, N. P. R. R. Pre-Cambrian sediments cut by monzonite. Veins. Lindgren, W. (above), P. P. 27, pp. 108-111, 1904. Ransome, F. L. (above), Bull. 260, pp. 274-303, 1905. Ransome and Calkins (above), P. P. 62, 1908. Min. Res. 1905, p. 241. 1906, pp. 265, 445-446. 1907, pt. 1, p. 310. 1908, pt. 1, pp. 434, 723. 1909, pt. 1, p. 356. U.S. Bur. Mines, Bull. 166, p. 22, 1919. Top. sheet, Coeur d’ Alene special. 122. Slate Creek. Pb, Ag. 15 miles south of Wallace, N. P. R. R. Pre-Cambrian sediments cut by acidic intrusives. Replacements and veins. Collier, A. J., Ore deposits of the St. Joe River Basin, Idaho. Bull. 285, 1906, pp. 133-134. Calkins and Jones (above), Bull. 530, 1913. U.S. Bureau of mines, Bull. 166, p. 25, 1919.
40 BULLETIN 131, UNITED: STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
124. St. Joe. Au (Pl). 25 miles west of Iron Mountain, Mont. N. P. R. R. Stream gravels. Calkins and Jones (above), Bull. 530, 1912. Collier (above), Bull. 285, 1906. Pardee (above), Bull. 470, 1911. Min. Res. 1909, pt. 1, p. 356. U. S. Bureau of Mines, Bull. 166 p. 24, 1919. 125. St. Regis (Coeur d’Alene). Au, Cu. Lookout Station, N. P. R. R. Pre-Cambrian sediments. Veins. Calkins, F. C., and Jones, E. L. jr., Economic geology of the region around Mullan, Idaho, and Saltese, Mont. Bull. 540, pp. 167-211, 1912. Ransome, F. L., Ore deposits of the Coeur d’Alene district, Idaho. Bull. 260, 1905, pp. 274-303. Ransome, F. L. and Calkins, F. C. (above), P. P. 62, 1908. Min. Res. 1905, p. 241. 1906, pp. 266, 445-446. 1907, pt. 1, p. 310. Top. sheet, Coeur d’ Alene special. 126. Summit (Coeur d’Alene). Au, Pb, Cu, Ag. 10 miles SE. of Paragon, I. N. R. R. Pre-Cambrian sediments. Veins. Ransome, F. L. (above), Bull. 260, 1905, pp. 274-303. Ransome, F. L., and Calkins, F. C. (above), P. P. 62, 1908. U.S. Bureau of Mines, Bull. 166, p. 22, 1919. Min. Res. 1905, p. 241. 1906, pp. 266, 445-446. 1907, -pt. 1, pp. 3f0—311, 712. 1908, pt. 1, p. 434. Top. sheet Coeur d’ Alene special.
127. Yreka (Wardner, Coeur d’Alene). Pb, Ag, Au, Cu. Kellogg station, O. W. R. & N. R. R. Pre-Cambrian sediments.
Veins. Lindgren, W., P. P. 27, pp. 108-111 1904. Ransome, F. L., Bull. 260, 1905, pp. 274-803. Ransome, F. L. and Calkins F. C., P. P. 62, 1908. Umpleby, J. B., and Jones, E. L. Bull. 723, 1923. Min. Res. 1885, p. 387,
1886, p. 146.
1887, pp. 107-109.
1888, pp. 88-89.
1905, p. 241.
1906, pp. 266, 445-446.
1908, pt. 1, p. 434.
1909, pt. 1, p. 356-357. McCormick, E., The ore deposits of Yreka mining district, Idaho. Eng.
Mining Journ., vol. 69, p. 404, 1900.
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO 41
WASHINGTON AND ADAMS COUNTIES
Reid, G. D., The Seven Devils and Snake River district. Eng. and Mining Journ., vol. 84, pp. 401-402, 1907. Packard, R. L., On an occurrence of copper in western Idaho. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 50, pp. 298-300, 1895. Bell, R. N., Sapphires in Idaho. Mining World, vol. 26, p. 449, 1907. 128. Black Lake. Au (D, PIl.). 40 miles NNW. Council, P. & I. N. R. R. Min. Res. 1905, p. 242. 1906, p. 267. 129. Heath. Cu, Ag, Au. 24 miles NW. Cambridge, P. & I. N. R. R. Triassic(?) sediments cut by diorite(?). Contact metamorphie(?). Lindgren, W., The gold and silver veins of De Lamar, Silver City, and other mining districts in Idaho. Twentieth Ann. Rept., pt. 3, 1900, pp. 253-254. Idaho Bur. Mines & Geol., Bull. 1, pp. 83, ete. 1920. Min. Res. 1882, p. 229. 1906, p. 267. 130. Meadows. Au (PI.). 16 miles NE. Evergreen, P. & I. N. R. R. Min. Res. 1905, p. 242. 1906, p. 267.
131. Mineral. Pb, Ag, Cu, Au. 29 miles NNE. Huntington, Oreg., O. W. R. R. & N. Co. Greenstones, quartz diorite. Replacements, veins. Lindgren, W., The Gold belt of the Blue Mountains in Oregon. 22nd. Ann. Rept., pt. 2, 1901, pp. 754-756. Turner, H. W., The ore deposits at Mineral, Idaho. Econ. Geology, vol. 3, pp. 492-502, 1908. 132. Monroe Creek (Weiser). Au. (D. Pl.). 10 miles north of Weiser, O. S. L. R. R.; O. W. R. & N. R. R. Top. sheet Weiser. 133. Placer Basin. Au. 37 miles NNE. of Council, P. & I. N. R. R. Veins. Lindgren, W., The gold and silver veins of Silver City, De Lamar, and other mining districts in Idaho. Twentieth Ann. Rept., pt. 3, p. 253, 1900. 134. Seven Devils. Cu, Au, Ag. 37 miles NW. of Council, P. & I. N. R. R. Triassic (?) sediments cut by diorite. Contact metamorphic. Lindgren, W., The gold and silver veins of Silver City, De Lamar, and other mining districts in Idaho. Twentieth Ann. Rept., pt. 3, p. 249, 1900. , Weed, W. H., The copper mines of the United States in 1905. Bull. 285, 1906, pp. 108-109.
42 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
134. Seven Devils—Continued. Min. Res. 1898 (20th Ann. Rept., pt. 6), pp. 182-184. 1905, p. 242. 1906, p. 267. 1907, pt. 1, p. 312. 1908, pt. 1, p. 435. 1909, pt. 1, p. 357. Beals, Wm., jr., The Seven Devils Mining district, Idaho. Eng. Mining Journ., vol. 69, pp. 345-346, 1900. Palache, Chas., Note on epidote and garnet from Idaho. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 8, pp. 299-302, 1899. Melville, W. H., Powellite-calcium molybdate; a new mineral species. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 41, pp. 138-141, 1891. Livingston, D. C., and Laney, F. B., The copper deposits of the Seven Devils and adjacent districts. Idaho Bureau of Mines and Geology, Bull. 1, 1920.
CLASSIFICATION OF THE VALUABLE MINERALS
Inasmuch as the present volume is primarily a mineralogical compilation, no section is specifically dedicated to a discussion of the occurrence of the several valuable metals which are mined in the State. The available information regarding the distribution and occurrence of these metals is, however, pretty thoroughly presented in discussion of the occurrence of the minerals themselves. Thus the gold mines of the State are discussed under native gold, since this is practically the only important gold mineral. Similarly, the lead deposits of the area are described under galena and cerusite, the two most important minerals of the ores of that metal. As a guide to assist in finding information relative to the distribution of the metallic ores, the following classification of the minerals is presented, arranged according to their metallic constituents.
ANTIMONY Stibnite, antimony sulphide. Kermesite, antimony oxysulphide. Jamesonite, lead-antimony sulphide. Miargyrite, silver-antimony sulphide. Pyrargyrite, silver-antimony sulphide. Stephanite, silver-antimony sulphide. Polybasite, silver-antimony sulphide. Owyheeite, lead-silver antimony sulphide. Boulangerite, lead-antimony sulphide. Tetrahedrite, copper-antimony sulphide. Cervantite, antimony oxide. ' Stibiconite, antimony oxide. Valentinite, antimony oxide. Bindheimite, lead antimony oxide.
ARSENIC Realgar, arsenic sulphide. Cobaltite, cobalt-arsenic sulphide. Arsenopyrite, iron-arsenic sulphide. Niccolite, nickel arsenide.
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO
Smaltite, cobalt arsenide.
Proustite, silver arsenic sulphide. Enargite, copper-arsenic sulphide. ‘Tennantite, copper-arsenic sulphide. Erythrite, cobalt-arsenic oxide. Scorodite, iron-arsenic oxide. Annabergite, nickel-arsenic oxide. Mimetite, lead-arsenic oxide.
BARIUM Barite, barium sulphate. BERYLLIUM Beryl, beryllium-aluminium silicate. BISMUTH
Bismuth. Bismuthinite, bismuth sulphide. ‘Galenobismutite, bismuth-lead sulphide. Aikinite, bismuth-lead-copper sulphide. ‘Tetradymite, bismuth telluride. ‘Guanajuatite, bismuth selenide. Bismutosphaerite, bismuth carbonate. Bismutite, bismuth carbonate.
BORON
Tourmaline, iron-aluminium-boron, etc., silicate. Ludwigite, magnesia-iron borate.
CADMIUM ‘Greenockite, cadmium sulphide.
CERIUM
Monazite, cerium phosphate. Also samarskite, gadolinite, aeschynite, polycrase, etc. CHROMIUM Chromite, chromium-iron oxide. COBALT
Cobaltite, cobalt-arsenic sulphide. Smaltite, cobalt arsenide. Danaite, iron cobalt-arsenic sulphide. Gersdorffite, iron-nickel-cobalt-arsenic sulphide. Erythrite, cobalt-arsenic-oxide. Asbolite, cobalt-manganese oxide.
COPPER Native copper. Chalcocite, copper sulphide. Covellite, copper sulphide. Stromeyerite, copper-silver sulphide. Bornite, copper-iron sulphide. Chalecopyrite, copper-iron sulphide. Tetrahedrite, copper-antimony sulphide. Tennantite, copper-arsenic sulphide. Enargite, copper-arsenic sulphide. Cuprite, copper oxide. Melaconite, copper oxide. Malachite, copper carbonate.
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44 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Azurite, copper carbonate. Aurichalcite, copper-zine carbonate. Chrysocolla, copper silicate. Copper pitch, copper silicate. Caledonite, copper-lead sulphate. Linarite, copper-lead sulphate. Chalcanthite, copper sulphate.
Brochantite, copper sulphate. 2 COLUMBIUM Columbite, iron columbate.
Samarskite, rare earth columbate. Polycrase, rare earth columbate.
Euxenite, rare earth columbate.
GOLD Native gold. Sylvanite, gold-silver telluride. Calaverite, gold telluride.
IRON Metallic iron (meteorite).
Pyrrhotite, iron sulphide.
Bornite, copper-iron sulphide. Chaleopyrite, copper-iron sulphide. Marcasite, iron sulphide.
Pyrite, iron sulphide.
Arsenopyrite, arsenic-iron sulphide. Hematite, iron oxide.
Ilmenite, iron-titanium oxide. Magnetite, iron oxide.
Chromite, iron-chromium oxide. Turgite, hydrous iron oxide. Goethite, hydrous iron oxide. Limonite, hydrous iron oxide. Ankerite, magnesium-iron carbonate.
Siderite, iron carbonate. LEAD
Native lead.
Galena, lead sulphide.
Jamesonite. lead-antimony sulphide. Boulangerite, lead-antimony sulphide. Owyheeite, lead-silver-antimony sulphide. Massicot, lead oxide.
Minium, lead oxide.
Cerusite, lead carbonate.
Plattnerite, lead dioxide. Pyromorphite, lead phosphate. Mimetite, lead arsenate.
Vanadinite, lead vanadate. Bindheimite, lead antimonate. Wulfenite, lead molybdate.
Anglesite, lead sulphate.
Leadhillite, lead sulphate-carbonate. Caledonite, lead-copper sulphate. Linarite, lead-copper sulphate.
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO
MANGANESE Braunite, manganese oxide.
Psilomelane, manganese oxide. Pyrolusite, manganese oxide. Rhodochrosite, manganese carbonate.
MERCURY Cinnabar, mercury sulphide.
MOLYBDENUM
Molybdenite, molybdenum sulphide. Molybdite, iron molybdate. Wulfenite, lead molybdate. Powellite, calcium molybdate. NICKEL
Gersdorffite, nickel-iron-cobalt-arsenic sulphide.
. PHOSPHOROUS Apatite, calelum phosphate.
Phosphorite, calcium phosphate. Collophane, calcium phosphate. Pyromorphite, lead phosphate. Vivianite, iron phosphate. Evansite, aluminium phosphate.
PLATINUM
Metallic platinum.
SELENIUM Naumannite, silver selenide.
Guanajuatite, bismuth selenide.
SILVER Metailie silver.
Argentite, silver sulphide.
Naumannite, silver selenide. Stromeyerite, silver-copper sulphide. Miargyrite, silver-antimony sulphide. Pyrostilpnite, silver-antimony sulphide. Pyrargyrite, silver-antimony sulphide. Stephanite, silver-antimony sulphide. Polybasite, silver-antimony sulphide. Owheeite, silver-lead-antimony sulphide. Proustite, silver-arsenic sulphide. Xanthaconite, silver-arsenic sulphide. Cerargyrite, silver chloride.
Embolite, silver bromide.
TELLURIUM Sylvanite, gold-silver telluride. Calaverite, gold-silver telluride. Tetradymite, bismuth telluride.
THORIUM
Monazite, cerium phosphate containing thorium. Polycrase. Samarskite.
Brannerite, etc.
TIN Cassiterite, tin dioxide.
45
46 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
; atae bee TITANIUM Rutile, titanium dioxide.
Ilmenite, iron-titanium oxide.
Titanite, calcium-titanium silicate.
Brannerite, uranium titanate.
Also the rare earth minerals, polycrase, euxenite, samarskite, etc.
TUNGSTEN
Wolframite, iron-manganese tungstate. Ferberite, iron tungstate.
Hubnerite, manganese tungstate. Scheelite, calcium tungstate. Tungstite, tungsten oxide.
i URANIUM Samarskite.
Brannerite.
Polycrase, etc.
ZINC Sphalerite, zinc sulphide.
Wurtzite, zine sulphide. Smithsonite, zinc carbonate. Aurichalcite, zinc-copper carbonate. Calamine, zinc silicate.
2 : k revi ZIRCONIUM Zircon, zirconium silicate.
DESCRIPTIONS OF MINERALS
DIAMOND (1) Carbon, C. Isometrie..
ADAMS COUNTY
Diamonds have been authentically reported to occur in Idaho only in the Rock Flat gold mine in Adams County at the head of Little Goose Creek Canyon, 5 miles east of New Meadows. Here three small crystals were found in heavy concentrates from a testing opera- tion on several cubic meters of the gravel. The largest of the dia- monds was an almost perfect octahedron weighing one-third of a carat and having a grayish color and typically greasy luster. The angles were somewhat rounded with a fused appearance. The heavy residue of concentrate from each cubic yard of gravel weighed 90 pounds and, in addition of 15 cents worth of coarse gold, contained 3 per cent of ilmenite, magnetite, and a little chromite, and 20 per cent of zircon sand, and the balance being made up of corundum, garnet, and monazite. Variously colored corundum crystals are common here.*
OWYHEE COUNTY
A brief reference in an old Government publication states that diamonds have been reported to exist on Owyhee River **; a few small stones have been reported and probably some were found in the placer
3’ Robert N. Bell, 15th Ann. Rept. Idaho State Mine Inspector, pp. 218-219, 1913.
3a Wm. P. Blake, Annotated catalogue of the principal mineral species hitherto recognized in California and the adjoining States and Territories. Browne and Taylor, Min. Resources U. S., 1866, p. 201.
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO 47
mines, under the same conditions and of about the same quality as those in California. Some excitement has occasionally arisen about these Idaho diamonds. In 1864 to 1866 local and mining papers made many references to reported or anticipated discoveries; but nothing of any importance was found. In the winter of 1892-93 the matter again attracted some attention. Only small quartz crys- tals and no diamonds were found, the name “Diamond Basin” having given colorto the reported findings. Diamond Basin lies on the Snake River in Owyhee County. The excitement, intense for a time, sub- sided before the winter was over.‘
It is possible that a few small diamonds may occur in placers in other portions of the State, but the possibility of deposits of stones of gem quality being found is very remote. The source of the Rock Flat crystals is not known, but the fact that chromite and a trace of platinum have been reported from the same claim may indicate their derivation from a small intrusive mass of peridotite. Scattered stones have been found from time to time in the gold placers of Cali- fornia, but no diamond deposits have been found in that State in which the geological environment is, on the whole, much more favorable for the occurrence of this mineral.
GRAPHITE (2)
PLUMBAGO, BLACK LEAD Carbon, C. Hexagonal.
The black hexagonal form of carbon, graphite, is not abundant in Idaho and no deposits of commercial importance are known there. The most common occurrence of this mineral is as a very finely dis- seminated coloring matter in slaty rocks in various parts of the State as, for example, the Prichard formation in the Coeur d’Alene district and the ore-bearing Devonian slates of the Wood River district in Blaine County.
ADAMS COUNTY
Graphite has been mentioned as occurring in the Seven Devils district as a minor constituent of the ores in some of the contact- metamorphic copper deposits.
BLAINE COUNTY
Some attempt has been made at exploring certain graphite-rich streaks in the graphitic slates of the Devonian formation on Trail Creek at the town of Ketchum on upper Wood River. The claims opened by Messrs. Hampton and Griffith in 1908 and a small pro- duction of amorphous graphite was reported in 1909 but nothing since.°
4 George F. Kunz, Precious stones. U.S. Geol. Survey, Mineral Resources for 1892, p. 759. 5 U.S. Geol. Survey, Mineral Resources, 1913, pt. 2, p. 199.
48 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
BUTTE COUNTY
B. F. Morrison of Martin, Butte County, has submitted a black highly polished sheared graphitic shale.
CUSTER COUNTY
A specimen of graphitic schist containing clean-cut crystalline flakes of graphite has been sent to the National Museum by a cor- respondent in Challis, Idaho. The material is similar to the rock mined for graphite in some localities in the Appalachian States. It is not definitely known that the rock is from Idaho and inquiries regarding it have not been answered. Other specimens sent in for examination by Guy E. Matthews, of Boise, and said to have come from a large ledge near the summit of the Sawtooth Mountains, consist of small hexagonal scales thickly disseminated in quartzite and of reddish black smears on sheared quartz schist.
CAMAS COUNTY
A sample of impure fine-grained graphite has been submitted to the Museum for identification by John F. Williams from Fairfield, Camas County.
IDAHO COUNTY
Graphitic schists are reported to occur on Salmon River near Grangeville. Analysis of a specimen of the material showed 7.6 per cent of fixed carbon.®
SULPHUR (3) Sulphur, S. Orthorhombic.
ADAMS COUNTY
In the Red Ledge mine, in the Seven Devils district, sulphur occurs in crusts, often 2 centimeters or more thick, mixed with the sul- phates melanterite, pisanite, and chalcanthite. Steep, vertical cliffs of quartz monzonite are stained bright red by hematite and perhaps a little cuprite from the oxidation of pyrite and chalcopyrite dissemi- nated through the rock. Small caves at the base of the cliffs con- tain crusts of soluble sulphates and sulphur, often several centimeters thick, the sulphates having been carried downward by percolating waters from the sulphide-impregnated rock. The sulphur has doubt- less been produced by decomposition of the sulphates.
BANNOCK COUNTY
Sulphur in native form occurs abundantly 5 miles east of Soda Springs on the Oregon Short Line Railroad. An attempt was made to work these deposits in the late nineties, and a considerable amount of sulphur was produced in 1901 and 1902, but the plan was aban- doned and the plant was dismantled in 1910. Exploitation was again begun in 1918. The sulphur occurs in connection with a group
8 U.S. Geol. Survey, Mineral Resources for 1913, pt. 2, p. 199.
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO 49
of sulphur springs, which range from the size of a washbasin to some which are large enough for a good-sized swimming pool. The water is milky from precipitated sulphur and is acid, much carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide being given off. The bulk of the sulphur, which is associated with small crystals of gypsum, forms the cement of a fault agglomerate or breccia composed of fragments of tuff, lime- stone, and quartzite. Small pyramidal crystals are found lining cavities of crystalline and amorphous masses in the interstices of the breccia. The crystallinity is shown by the spherical radiated figures formed upon some surfaces obtained by breaking, while the smooth or conchoidal fracture on other surfaces serves to indicate the amor- phous variety. A rather spectacular form, namely, stalactites in vertical crevices traversing the breccia, occurs in the south wall of the quarry on the Wood Canyon side of the divide. This variety has an almost canary-yellow color on fresh fracture, which changes rapidly on exposure to dull, submetallic gray. Much of the low- grade ore also has this gray color. Air bubbles in many of the sta- lactites may indicate that the sulphur was exuded in liquid form. Alum occurs rarely in the deposits.’
BLAINE COUNTY
Powdery sulphur occurs, partly filling little cavities left by the removal of pyrite in quartz of the oxidized portions of the Clipper Bullion vein, Mineral Hill district. This mineral was found by Mr. D. F. Hewett in a prospect 1144 miles southeast of Bellevue associ- ated with anglesite and wulfenite.
CUSTER COUNTY
A specimen of cavernous earthy limonite from the oxidized ore about 30 feet below the surface in the Lost Packer mine contained residual friable masses of chalcopyrite and pale yellow druses of minute crystals of native sulphur.
SHOSHONE COUNTY
Sulphur has been noted in the Caledonia and Hypotheek mines as an alteration product of sulphides in the oxidized ores. In the upper workings of the Caledonia mine native sulphur was a constituent of a yellowish earthy material consisting largely of crushed quartz, with a little limonite and bindheimite. The presence of sulphur in this material was shown by its taking fire and burning with a blue flame when placed on a hot stove. In the Hypotheek mine near Kingston sulphur occurred as minute yellow globules inclosed in transparent anglesite crystals lining cavities in galena.
7R. W. Richards and J. H. Bridges. Sulphur deposits near Soda Springs, Idaho. U.S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 470, pp. 499-503. 1911.
50 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
ARSENIC (8) Arsenic, As. Rhombohedral. BONNER COUNTY
Arsenic is known to occur only at one locality in a small prospect on Vulcan Hill overlooking North Gold Creek, 2 miles from the town of Lakeview, on Lake Pend d’Oreille. The mineral occurs as a narrow vein in granite near the contact with Cambrian rocks. The arsenic vein is parallel to the galena-bearing vein prospected by the tunnel, and it is reported that where one pinched the other swelled. A very little pyrite, calcite, and epidote are associated with the arsenic. Polished surfaces of the arsenic, when examined with the metallographic microscope, are found to be pure and homogeneous. The material was collected and identified by Edward Sampson, of the United States Geological Survey.
BISMUTH (11) Bismuth, Bi. Rhombohedral.
CUSTER COUNTY
Bismuth in native form occurs in silver-white to reddish grains disseminated through quartz in the Empire group of claims of the Idaho-Montgomery Mining Co., in Washington Basin at the head of Salmon River. Bismuthinite, barite, pyrrhotite, and pyrite are associated with the bismuth, which is in part altered to bismuth carbonates.
KOOTENAI COUNTY
Bismuth occurs in narrow quartz veins at a contact between granite and slates on Beauty Bay Creek near Beauty Bay on Lake Coeur d’Alene. These veins, which are several in number, cut across the contact from the igneous rock into the sedimentary formation, but are said to contain bismuth only where inclosed in the latter. All of the quartz in the surface workings contains some bismuth in disseminated grains associated with pyrite and a little bismuthinite. Pannings are reported to contain also some gold, silver, and a little tin. One vein of the group contains considerable masses of arseno- pyrite and specular hematite.
LEMHI COUNTY
Fine specimens of native bismuth are reported * to have come from one of the cobalt mines of the Blackbird district. No infor- mation of the mode of occurrence of this material could be obtained.
GOLD (13) Native Gold, Au. Isometric.
The mining of gold has been in the past, and to a somewhat lesser extent now is, an important industry in the State. Esti- mates compiled by the United States Geological Survey give the
8 Robert N. Bell. Personal letter. 1917.
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO 51
total production in Idaho from the earliest discoveries in 1861 to the end of 1917 as having a mint value of $130,910,969, which amounts to approximately half a million pounds of metallic gold. While many lode mines have been developed in the area and have made large production, the greatest bulk of the gold yield has come from placer mines.
Auriferous veins are widespread in occurrence. The most im- portant mines, however, fall into several groups, the largest group being that in the west-central part of the State mainly in Boise County, but extending into Ada and Elmore counties and including, among others, the Black Hornet, McIntyre (Boise), Gambrinus, Deadwood, Quartzburg-Grimes Pass, Summit Flat (Pioneerville), Westview (Willow Creek or Pearl), Atlanta, Black Warrior, Neal, Pine Grove, and Rocky Bar districts. The country rock in all of these districts is the granite of the western part of the central Idaho batholith and near the veins this granite is usually very greatly altered by thermal solutions with abundant development of sericite. The lodes occur along well-defined fissures and vary from clean cut filled veins to mineralized shear zones containing seams and stringers of auriferous material. The gangue is, for the most part quartz which, where unaffected by oxidation, contains greater or less quantities of sulphides, while in certain mines the sulphides occur as solid masses practically without quartz. At and near the sur- face the sulphides are in most cases thoroughly oxidised, the ore then consisting of quartz containing much soft and limonitic material which incloses the abundant spongy gold in free milling and easily recoverable form. As greater depth is attained in mining, however, the unaltered primary ore is encountered, in which the gold is as- sociated with or contained in the prevalent sulphides, chief among which are pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, and galena. Bismuth sulphide or bismuth-lead sulphide (locally called antimonite) are locally characteristic of the richest ores. The primary sulphide (‘‘base” or ‘‘refractory”’) ores are not amenable to the simpler and less expensive methods of treatment and the encountering of such unoxidized ore has led to the temporary or permanent shutdown of a large number of mines in this area.
The second major group of gold lodes is located in Idaho and Clearwater Counties and includes the Elk City, Dewey, Dixie, Florence, Newsome, Oro Grande, Buffalo Hump, Warren, and Pierce districts. These districts are occupied either by the northern continuation of the granitic batholith or by pre-Cambrian meta- morphic rocks cut by granitic dikes. In most of the districts of this group the lodes are clean-cut quartz veins without great quanti- ties of sulphides and the gold, even in the unoxidized primary ore, is for the most part free milling.
52 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
A third group of gold lodes of various types occurs in Lemhi County near the Montana line, while a fourth small but formerly productive area is in the Coeur d’ Alene district in Shoshone County, where the gold occurred in banded quartz veins cutting black Algonkian slates.
The precious metal districts in Owyhee County contain both gold and silver in veins mainly contained in Tertiary voleanic rocks. Similar to these are the deposits of the Thunder Mountain district in Idaho County, the Forney (Gravel Range) and Parker Mountain dis- trictsin Lemhi County, andthe Yankee Fork districtin Custer County. Many of the veins of this group are characterized by crustified quartz, pseudomorphous quartz, or chalcedony, with or without adularia, as gangue. The ores of a number of the mines contain bands of finely divided silver sulphide carrying some selenium. The native gold of these later Tertiary deposits is mostly pale in color and high in silver content, much of it being classifiable as electrum.
Tellurides of gold are of very limited occurrence in the State, practically all of the gold being in native form. Of the rarer minerals accompanying the gold, bismuth sulphide (bismuthinite) and lead- bismuth sulphide (galenobismutite) have been mentioned. Scheel- ite accompanies the gold in the Charity vein in the Warren district and in several mines in the Coeur d’ Alene district.
While no district or mine has attained a reputation for furnishing remarkably showy, beautiful, or well-crystallized specimens of native gold, a majority of the auriferous mines of the State have, at some time during their history, produced ore of such a grade as to make excellent cabinet material. Very few such specimens have been preserved. Descriptions of those in the National Museum collections are given below.
Placer gold was the first form to be mined in the State and the total production of it greatly overshadows that of gold derived from lode mining. Dana, writing in 1890, says of Idaho ‘‘ Every county in the State yields placer gold.” Roughly the great placer regions are the same as those which have been mentioned as the principal groups of lode mining districts, the greatest area being that known as the Boise Basin. Gold occurs in placers in almost every district where auriferous lodes are known, usually in amount out of proportion to the value of the developed veins. Moreover some placer districts of importance have been worked in areas where no productive lodes are known. Such observations as this have given rise, in Idaho as elsewhere, to the fable of the Mother Lode. A sufficient source may be found, however, in the concentration from the disintegration and erosion of quantities of rock measurable in cubic miles including great vertical sections of the known veins, of
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO 53
veins of appreciable gold content yet too low grade to have been worked, and also of inconsequential lenses and stringers of auriferous material which may have added greatly to the total but would not have been of any commercial importance if discovered singly. While the lighter constituents of the rocks have been gradually disintegrated and reduced to fine particles and carried to great distances, the gold and other heavy materials have remained behind. The granite, especially where softened or sericitized by hydrothermal alteration, is prone to be more rapidly removed than the vein quartz which makes up a large proportion of the pebbles in the placer gravels. The more productive placers are, for the most part, along the beds of the present streams, although profitable mines have been worked in high terrace gravels and in fossil stream channels which date from some previous period in the drainage history of the region. The _placer gold is concentrated, usually, within a few centimeters or at most a meter of bedrock and is associated with a variety of other heavy minerals. The character of these heavy minerals varies from place to place? Magnetite, ilmenite, and garnet are widespread, while monazite occurs in most of the placer regions in the Central Idaho granitic area, especially in the Boise Basin. Colorless zircon is also abundant, particularly in the Florence and Warren districts. Corundum occurs in considerable quantity near Pierce and Resort in Clearwater County with tourmaline, rutile, and ilmenite, and also at the Rock Flat placer near Meadows in Washington County. The latter locality is that mentioned above as yielding diamonds. Rare earth minerals are known from many places. In addition to the monazite just noted above, brannerite occurs in Stanley Basin, Custer County, and polycrase, samarskite, columbite, etc., are known from several placers in Boise County. Native amalgam occurs in Stanley Basin, while cassiterite and cinnabar have been found here and in the Pierce district. A heavy bismuth carbonate occurs with gold in the Poncia placer, Centerville district, recalling the occurrence of bismuth-bearing sulphides in the Gold Hill, Bel- zazzar, and other mines.
The richer placers along streams were naturally first discovered and were worked by the simpler hand methods—by panning or with arrastre, rocker, and sluice, and many of them yielded fabulous returns by such methods. The high grade ground suitable for such exploitation was limited, however, and it was necessary to construct larger projects requiring miles of ditches and extensive pipelines to work the higher gravels. Following the bonanza period many of
the placer camps were practically abandoned by white men in their
§ Karl V. Shannon. Mineralogy of some black sands from Idaho. Proc. U. S. National Museum, vol. 60, art. 3, 1921.
54 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
rushes to new fields and the only mining for long intervals was that carried on by the patient Chinese. Many of the camps have since become the sites of extensive modern dredging enterprises. Some relatively rich deposits have remained unworked for a variety of reasons—scarcity of water, depth of bedrock, lack of drainage, large size of boulders, shortness of season, or inaccessibility. The available placers of sufficiently high grade to be worked by ordinary methods are, however, pretty well exhausted.
The sands of Snake River contain very finely divided gold in wide distribution. This gold has been mined here and there from the Wyoming line to Oregon. While practically all of the gravels along the river are auriferous, most of the deposits contain so little gold that they can hardly be called placers. Some small deposits yield sufficient to pay for extraction if worked on a large scale and a very few may be worked by hand methods. The problem of saving this gold has been much studied without a practical method being found. The gold is exceedingly finely divided, it requiring fully 1,500 grains
r “colors” to weigh 1 cent in value, or approximately 3,000,000 of the grains to weigh one ounce, yet, under the microscope, each grain may be seen to be an individual nugget showing rounding and abrasion marks. The particles are often coated or spotted with a crystalline film of silica, making it necessary to grind the gold in a pan before it will amalgamate freely. In size the particles range within relatively narrow limits and there is no gradual shading from the finer particles into impalpable dust,!° These Snake River bars have been mined in Ada, Blaine, Bingham, Cassia, and Owyhee Counties.
In composition the gold of both the veins and placers is variable, the variation being in the amount of silver with the gold, there being a transition into electrum, an alloy containing equal molecular parts of gold and silver as discussed below. The lowest grade gold is that of veins in the Tertiary lavas, much of it reaching electrum proportions of silver. In general the gold in the auriferous quartz-sulphide veins in granite is of higher grade, but that in quartz veins free from large amounts of sulphides and inclosed in slates or other metamorphic rocks is of still better grade. Gold in oxidized ore is commonly purer than that in unaltered primary ore, especially if the latter be sulphidic. This is due to the tendency of the silver to be selectively extracted by percolating meteoric waters. As an instance of this may be men- tioned the observation of Umpleby " that whereas the gold of the primary ore of the Golden Sunbeam mine, Yankee Fork district, Custer County, 1 is electrum, in the oxidized zone native gold and native silver occur in relatively pure form, Ce side by side, the two metals
10 Robert N. Bell. Annual Report of State THepeetors of Mines on the Mining Thausten of Idaho for 1906 ,
p. 115. 11 Joseph B. Umpleby. U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 539, p. 88, 1913.
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO 55
evidently having separated during the oxidation. Placer gold is commonly purer than that in the veins of the same area. Further- more the gold of gravel deposits is usually higher in grade the greater the amount of wear and the further it has been transported from its source, which are indicative of the length of time the particles have been exposed to the purifying influences of the ground water. An example of this cited by Lindgren ” illustrates the progressive refining of the gold in the Warren district. Here vein bullion is 300 to 500 fine (30 to 50 per cent Au), the placer gold in small streams is 650 fine (65 per cent Au), that in the larger streams and main creeks is 725 fine (72.5 per cent Au), while the gold along Salmon River derived from this district is 800 to 825 fine (80 to 82.5 per cent Au). For obvious reasons fine particles of gold are more rapidly purified by this process than are larger nuggets. The purest gold known in the State is the very finely ded “flour” gold of Snake River, all of which is better than 900 fine (90 per cent Au). While the view that placer gold becomes purer by the chemical action of ground water in the gravels is well founded, there is no evidence in support of the common fallacy that nuggets of gold grow by accre- tion from solutions in the alluvial deposits. Th addition to the chemical purification by the above process, long wear by water tends to eliminate impurities mechanically, the pounding tending to crush and expel the brittle gangue minerals such as quartz.
Idaho is not known to have produced any exceptionally large masses of placer gold, the maximum recorded weight being in we neighborhood of 40 ounces (Coeur d’Alenes and Idaho Basin), Few samples of placer or lode gold from the State have been available for examination, but such as are in the possession of the National Museum are described below.
In the following outline the most noteworthy gold localities of the State are mentioned, although a detailed discussion of the occur- rences of this metal in the State would occupy too much space. The figures of production as given are not extremely modern, many of the records being as old as 1896, and do not take into consideration the production of recent years, which in some cases exceeds that of the earlier period. They serve, however, to indicate the relative commercial importance of the various mines or districts. The ar- rangement follows the outline given in the list of Idaho mining dis- tricts above."
12 avaliiiae inde 20th Ann. Rept. U.S. Geol. Survey, es 3, p. 242, 1900.
13 The data given in this outline are not in any sense original, but are compiled, without further specific acknowledgment, from the several works cited in the bibliographic references given, for each of the nu- merous mining districts, in the preceding pages.
56 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
ADA COUNTY
Although the Black Hornet district contains no important placers, a number of veins of gold-bearing quartz occur. Chief among these is the Black Hornet or Ironsides mine which had made a gold produc- tion of about $30,000 previous to 1897. The ore consists of quartz containing about 8 per cent of sulphides, chiefly arsenopyrite with less pyrite and sphalerite. Arsenopyrite also occurs in disseminated form in the altered (sericitized) granite of the walls immediately adjacent to the vein.
In the Boise (McIntyre) district a number of auriferous veins have been developed, although there has never been any very great pro- duction. Some of the lodes are quartz veins and others are merely altered streaks in the granite along a fault plane. In some cases the values are entirely in gold but some small deposits of rich silver ore have been mined.
In the Snake River placers desultory operations have been carried on from year to year in this county. A dredge capable of handling 1,500 cubic yards of gravel daily was installed in 1907.
BINGHAM AND BONNEVILLE COUNTIES
In the Mount Pisgah district some hydraulic mining has been done at Gray. The gold is 960 fine (96 per cent Au) and is worth $19.84 an ounce.
In the Snake River placers there are a considerable number of small mines. Six operators were working in 1905; a production of 185.22 ounces of gold was reported for 1907, while the output for 1908 and 1909 was worth $2,717 and $1,448, respectively. The gold is 951 fine (95.1 per cent Au) and is valued at $19.66 an ounce.
A sample of heavy concentrate from a Snake River placer mine at Rosa, Bingham County (Cat. 53625 U.S.N.M.) has an average grain diameter of 0.1 mm. and contains a few minute rounded grains of gold associated with abundant ilmenite and augite, occasional almandite and quartz, and rare zircon and olivine.
BLAINE COUNTY
In the Camas district fissure veins in granite carry free native gold with pyrrhotite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite, and less galena, sphalerite and arsenopyrite in a gangue of quartz with some siderite. The principal mines are the Camas No. 2 and the Tip Top. The | Camas No. 2 vein produced gold to the value of $58,392.
In the Mineral Hill (Hailey) district the Croesus, Hope, and neigh- boring veins of what is known as the Hailey gold belt contain their principal values as free gold which is associated with considerable quantities of sulphides, mainly pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite with less galena and sphalerite in a quartz and siderite gangue. These are
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO 57
entirely similar to the deposits of the Camas district, which may be considered as the southwestern continuation of the same zone. They are quite distinct from the lead-silver deposits of the Hailey region.
The Red Warrior district is represented by a number of specimens in the National Museum, as follows: From the Golden Eagle Mine (Cat. No. 65671, U.S.N.M.) coarse native gold in irregular flakes in rusty quartz; from the Wide West mine bluish unoxidised quartz (Cat. No. 65680, U.S.N.M.) containing flakes of pale gold in minute cavities, quartz, with sparsely disseminated pyrite and sphalerite (Cat. No. 14764, U.S.N.M.), and heavy masses of auriferous pyrite and spongy limonite (Cat. No. 14765, U.S.N.M.). Ore from the Victor mine (Cat. No. 14767, U.S.N.M.) consists of coarse comb quartz which is slightly iron stained and that from the Avalanche mine (Cat. No. 14766, U.S.N.M.) consists of bluish auriferous quartz.
The Snake River placers have been mined in Blaine County at Neely resulting in a small production of fine gold. The output was 187 ounces in 1904 and 258 ounces in 1905.
BOISE COUNTY
The Centerville (Idaho Basin) district is one of the most important gold regions of the State. The production from the discovery of the district to 1898 has been estimated at $44,651,800 of which about $4,000,000 was from lode mines and the balance from placers. The gold occurs in recent stream gravels and in terrace or bench gravels at various levels along Grimes, Granite, Moore, and other creeks. Some old stream channels now covered by basalt flows have been mined but have not proven very rich. The highest terrace gravels often contain rounded cobbles of gold-bearing quartz up to 30 cm. in diameter. In a body of gravels immediately east of Idaho City the gold is fairly coarse with a value of $16.50 an ounce before melting. Much of it occurs on bedrock or “false bedrock,’”’ the latter being the Payette formation of Tertiary lake sediments which carry a little finely divided pale gold associated with monazite in some layers, The heavy residues associated with the placer gold contain abundant monazite in sharp crystals. Samples from several placers near Centerville and Idaho City, show, in addition to themonaziteand the usual garnet, magnetite, ilmenite, etc., larger crystals of poly- crase and samarskite, sharp crystals of columbite, and other minerals as described under the separate headings. A sample of pan con- centrate from the Leary and Brogan placer, Poncia tract, Centerville, contains all of the above minerals and also heavy pebbles of bismuth carbonate. A specimen of placer gold from near Centerville (Cat. No. 55776, U.S.N.M.) consists of well worn flat flakes of gold uniformly 1 mm. in diameter. Two nuggets from Bill Williams
54347—267
5
58 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
claim (Cat. No. 55464, U.S.N.M.) mined in 1865 are about 1 cm. in diameter and are well-rounded pebbles of dark yellow gold con- taining some quartz; nuggets of well rounded gold from Bowers Bar, Placerville (Cat. No. 55788, U.S.N.M.) also contain quartz. A specimen from the Green White claim on Moose Creek below Idaho City (Cat. No. 55470, U.S.N.M.) is a pebble about 5 cm. in diameter of equal parts of granular brownish quartz and gold.
In the Deadwood district the Merry Blue and Union mines pro- duced some gold from ore worked in an arrastre in 1907 and 1909.
In the Gold Fork (Roseberry) district placer gold occurs in gravels on McKinley Fork in Long Valley. The Evans and Paddy Valley are the principal gravel mines. The gold is in part well worn, in part rough and attached to quartz. Its source is problematic as no veins are known.
The Quartzburg-Grimes Pass district contains numerous veins of auriferous ore. The Ebenezer claim contained rich surface oxidized ore, but the primary sulphide-bearing ore is very refractory. The Belzazzar mine has galenobismutite (q. v.) associated with the gold in the richest ore. The Gold Hill and Pioneer claims, worked together, form the most important lode mine in the region, having produced gold to the value of $2,225,000 previous to 1898. The ore contains narrow seams which are very rich in gold. The Home- ward Bound-Elizabeth-Mayflower vein averages 114 meters in width and its decomposed surface ores were worked in an arrastre but heavy masses of sulphides were encountered at depth. The Gold Hill is a well-defined quartz vein in granite varying from a few centimeters to 2 meters in width. Some sulphides, mainly pyrite, are associated with the gold. The Iowa vein, a short distance north of the Gold Hill, is a narrow seam with streaks extremely rich in gold. The Carroll-Driscoll group produced much gold by sluicing disintegrated veins on the Ivanhoe and Capital claims. The primary ore in the upper tunnel consists of veinlets of massive pyrite and a little quartz which carry free gold.. The lower tunnel shows several sulphide veins in a wide shear zone containing large quantities of sericitic gouge. The mineralization consisted of gold with tetrahedrite, pyrite, galena, pale-colored sphalerite, and a little barite in quartz. This has been largely shattered and incorporated in a later gouge of sericite containing masses of pyrite showing well-developed crystals. The Kennebec claim yielded rich sluice ground. Numer- ous veins containing free gold in oxidized limonitic material occur n and along the quartz porphyry dike east of Wolf Creek, including the Golden Chariot, Buena Vista, Big Six, Mineral Hill, and other claims. Near Grimes Pass the Morning Star, Mountain Queen, Pioneer, and other veins yielded oxidized ore consisting of limonite containing native gold with some cerusite, etc. The Barry, Peer-
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO 59
less, and King veins at the headwaters of Klk Creek, the Wilson group a little farther north and other veins between Summit Flat and Kempner yield free gold with some sulphides in quartz veins. A specimen of oxidized ore from the Overlook mine contains spongy and mossy pale colored gold in cavities from the removal of sulphides in leached and rusty quartz. Placers occur along Lost River and Bear River near Kempner.
In the Westview (Willow Creek, Pearl, Rock Creek) district placers were worked in the early days, and the Red Warrior mine was located in 1870. This district contains a great number of veins which are fault fissures in granite on either side of which the rock is altered by sericitization and impregnated with pyrite. Along the fissures occur narrow seams of auriferous sulphides—pyrite, black, or dark brown coarse grained sphalerite, arsenopyrite, and galena which are rich in gold. The sparse gangue consists of quartz and calcite. No visible gold can be seen even on panning the richest sulphides. The surface ore is soft and limonitic and contains free gold associated with some cerusite.
BONNER COUNTY
In the Mooyie Yaak district the Buckhorn mines east of Mooyie River and 10 miles north of Kootenai River have produced ore con- taining native gold associated with galena.
CASSIA COUNTY
The Snake River placers have made a small annual production of fine gold for many years.
CLEARWATER COUNTY
In the Burnt Creek district productive gold placers around Dent are worked by hydraulicking and sluicing.
In the Musselshell Creek (Wieppe) district placer gold has for years been mined from gravels along Lolo Creek. The deposits are not of extraordinary richness. The gold is fine in size but is relatively low grade, being worth only $15 to $17 an ounce.
The Pierce district was the first important placer district discovered in the State. The placers were never remarkably rich but produced well in 1861-62. The production in 1874 was $70,000. There has been desultory placer and quartz mining ever since. The placer production as given for 1908 was $41,255 and for 1909 with 11 mines operating $43,390. Much of the recent work has been done by dredges. The gold averages 0.820 fine (82 per cent.Au).
CUSTER COUNTY
In the Loon Creek district the gold ores consist of auriferous chal- copyrite in a quartz-siderite gangue, the principal deposit being the Lost Packer mine. Such ore contains 2 to 3 ounces of gold to the ton.
60 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Some placer deposits of phenomenal richness occurred. A strip of ground 75 feet wide and 1 mile long which was worked in the sixties produced $2,000,000, a single pan of gravel sometimes yielding as high as $300. The gold is coarse, 50 per cent of the product aver- aging 25 cents or sometimes more to the color while nuggets 25 grams in weight are not uncommon. The average value of the placer gold is $18 an ounce. A sample of placer gold from Hurd’s Claim, Loon Creek, mined in 1869, (Cat. No. 55763, U.S.N.M.), consists of small dark-yellow nuggets which are irregular and much flattened.
In the Stanley Basin district some narrow quartz veins in granite carry gold. The chief production, however, is from the placers of Stanley Creek and Joes Gulch, which have yielded about $100,000, the average return for some years varying from $3,000 to $4,500 a year. The gold is coarse—flax to wheat size—and runs 0.717 fine (71.70 per cent Au) bringing $15 an ounce. At the Willis dredge property the gold, which is concentrated on the bedrock, is worth only $13 an ounce. The gold here is associated with native amalgam and cinnabar while elsewhere in the district the rare earth mineral brannerite has been found in the placers.
Gold occurs in the Yankee Fork district with silver in veins of late Tertiary age in voleanic rocks, the gangue being fine-grained quartz and adularia with some opal and chalcedony. The gold is usually very finely divided and is concentrated in narrow dark streaks in the vein, which react for selenium. Some coarser gold is reported from the Morrison vein. The oxidized ore consists of firm quartz heavily stained with iron and manganese oxides. The principal vein mines are the General Custer, Lucky Boy, Charles Dickens, Momson, Golden Sunbeam, McFadden, etc. Placers which have produced gold to the value of $50,000 were discovered on Jordan Creek in the middle seventies. One nugget weighing nearly a kilogram was found near the outcrop of the Morrison vein, others weighed several hundred grams, and many exceeded 25 grams. A specimen lot of gold (Cat, No. 55,475, U.S.N.M.) mined from Bairs (or Blairs?) claim on Yankee Fork consists of fine flattened scales 2 mm. in maximum diameter.
ELMORE COUNTY
In the Atlanta district the gold production from the Atlanta lode has been considerable, some portions of the veins being predominantly gold-bearing, although the district is best known for its phenomenal silver ores.
In the Black Warrior district a nominal production of gold has been obtained from lode mines, chiefly the Double Standard, White Ribbon, Fourth of July, and Magnolia.
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO 61
In the Highland Valley district near Twin Springs bench gravel deposits are washed with the water from melting snows. The season is only 30 to 35 days annually. The gold is worth $16.02 an ounce.
The Neal district produced gold to the value of $200,000 previous to 1898 from veins in fault fissures and along minor shearing planes in granite. The gangue is quartz and sulphides are common. Spongy skeletal gold is common in the oxidized ore. The gold is worth $15 an ounce.
The Pine Grove district has produced some gold from quartz veins containing auriferous sulphides.
The Rocky Bar district was originally an important placer camp, but in 1895 was reported to be worked only by Chinese. Lode deposits have been mined in the Old Alturas, Idaho, Vishnu, and other mines. The ores consist of quartz containing auriferous sul- phides in the primary ore and oxidation products with native gold above. The gold of the veins is worth $14 an ounce. Specimens of primary ore from the Vishnu mine (Cat. Nos. 14761-14762, U.S.N.M.) consist of auriferous sulphides in quartz and of the oxidized ore (Cat. No. 14763, U.S.N.M.) contain gold in rusty quartz. A sample of placer gold (Cat. No. 55469, U. S.N.M.) con- sisting of very pale colored unworn gold is labeled as from Dry Creek above Loom Creek, Elmore County.
IDAHO COUNTY
The Big Creek district contains large low grade gold deposits which, mineralogically, are very uninteresting. The Goldman and McRae and Moore are the principal mines.
In the Crooks Corral district some placer gold is obtained by hydraulicking bench gravels of the Snake River side of the high divide between Snake and Salmon Rivers, which are here only 12 miles apart. The deposit has been found in places to be very rich, but the work is retarded by the high elevation and scarcity of water. The gold is 0.954 fine (95.40 per cent Au).
In the Dewey (Harpster) district, gold is produced from ores consisting of auriferous chalcopyrite in silicified greenstone schist. Small lots of the ore are very rich. The Dewey is the principal mine.
The Dixie district contains both placers and gold quartz veins. The placer gold is 0.820 fine (82 per cent), having a value of $16.95 an ounce. There is often more or less cinnabar associated in the sand with the placer gold. The Majestic, Dixie-Royal, Diamond Consolidated, and Monadnock are the principal mines. <A specimen of ore from the Mallard Creek property of W. Sendke in this district consists of clean white quartz containing sparingly disseminated auriferous galena and light colored sphalerite.
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The Elk City district has contained very important placers which were discovered in 1861. Many of the early workings were on so- called skim” placers where the gold was within less than a meter of the surface. After the first few years the diggings were turned over to the Chinese, but later the interest of white men in them revived. The production about 1900 was varying from $30,000 to $70,000 a year. On American Hill some deep strata of rich ground were found under the old “skim” diggings. The placer gravel is quartzose and large quartz bowlders on the bedrock often contain coarse native gold. Only a moderate number of quartz veins have been found and these have not been continuously productive. Espey’s South Fork mine, 8 miles west of Elk City, milled some free gold ore in 1905, while some telluride ore was shipped to Tacoma. The placer output in 1907 was 239 ounces of gold, while in 1908, five lode mines produced gold to the value of $136,000. An interest- ing specimen of ore from the Black Pine mine consists of white quartz containing native gold with disseminated grains of galena, pyrite, sphalerite, and tetrahedrite. The visible gold occurs as small, irregular grains surrounding the galena. Specimens of ore from the Hercules and Blue Ribbon mines (SI 15-28) are very similar and consist of auriferous galena and pyrite sparsely disseminated in pure white quartz.
The Florence district was discovered in the Autumn of 1861 and has an estimated production, previous to 1896, of $30,000,000. After 1872 the camp was worked mainly by Chinese. Placer deposits occurred on all creeks of the area. All of these were rich, but Baboon Gulch was extraordinarily so. Dredging has been carried on to - some extent. The gold is coarse and more or less angular and has a fineness of 0.660-0.705. Much zircon occurs with the gold in the placers. Quartz veins are abundant but have been little exploited. The gold occurs native in coarse comb quartz, and sulphides are almost entirely absent. The vein gold is 0.650 fine. The principal veins are the Hi Yu, Banner, Gold Bug, Blossom, Ozark, Waverly, and Poorman. A specimen (Cat. No. 55809, U.S.N.M.) of placer gold which is probably from this district, and is labeled as having been mined from Wilson’s claim, Idaho County, in 1880, is irregular, slightly worn, and contains quartz.
Newsome district, 6 miles west of Elk City, contains placer gold in deep gravel banks. The Moose Creek placer, which is the largest operator, has 26 miles of ditches. The gold, which is both coarse and fine, varies in value from $16 to $19.20. Several gold-quartz veins are worked. Seven placers and 2 deep mines produced $10,826 in 1908.
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO 63
The Oro Grande district is 12 miles south of Elk City. The veins are mostly large and low grade, although rich native gold ore was found on the Higan claims in 1905.
The Robbins of Buffalo Hump deposits consist of a network of quartz seams along joints in granite. The gold occurs in white quartz with scattered masses of pyrite, galena, chalcopyrite, and tetrahedrite. The Jumbo mine in 1902 was producing 2,000 tons of ore a month. The district contains some placers.
The Salmon River placers or Simpson district contain gold bearing gravels which are worked by tunneling. One lode mine—the McKinley Gold Mining Co.—is operating. The placer gold of the district averages 0.836 fine, being worth $17.28 an ounce. The production was $4,627 in 1908 and $3,152 in 1909.
The Thunder Mountain district exhibits several deposits of unusual character, the chief properties being the Sunnyside and the Dewey. In the Sunnyside the gold occurs in a mineralized rhyolite breccia containing a considerable amount of tuff, the metal being mixed with clay along fractures and joints. The mineralized flow . is from 15 to 30 feet thick and is underlain by rhyolite and overlain by volcanic mud, both of which are barren. The breccia averages $4 to $11, although some lots run $35. The gold is alloyed with silver in approximately the proportions of electrum as placer gold from the outcrop is worth only $11 an ounce and the ore assays 2 to 3 ounces of silver a ton. Geological conditions are similar at the Dewey mine, where the gold occurs in seams in a rhyolite tuff. The rock between seams is barren. The gold is sometimes found associated with pyrite and nodules of pyrite may contain leaf gold in the center. Some very rich pockets of ore were extracted near the surface. The tuff contains charred logs of wood up to 2 feet in diameter and 60 feet long, which are frequently impregnated with native gold. The gold is much more abundant near the surface and is in all probability due to secondary enrichment of low grade rock." A sample of the gold concentrated by panning from the volcanic breccia (Cat. No. 74439, U.S.N.M., gift of Victor C. Heikes, 1902) consists of fine, mossy grains which, under a lens, are seen to be made up of dendritic or arborescent groups of crystals similar to the “wire” copper and “wire” silver of the Coeur d’Alene district.
The Warren district recorded a production of $15,000,000 in gold previous to 1896, although after 1870 the placers were worked chiefly by Chinese. Vein mining began in 1866 after the richest placers were depleted and the lode mines had produced $125,000 up to 1871. The placers were mostly comparatively shallow and are now largely exhausted except certain deeper gravels jalong Meadow
4 J, B. Umpleby and D. C. Livingston. Reconnaissance of South Central Idaho, Idaho Bureau Mines and Geol. Bull. 3, pp. 5-6, 1920.
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Creek. The black sand contains much garnet, also some monazite. The gold occurs in streaks in the gravels and is fairly coarse. It has a value of $15 an ounce, or is 0.710 to 0.720 fine. The pro- gressive change in purity away from the source has been mentioned on page 55. The lode deposits had produced $2,000,000 up to 1896. The veins consist of white quartz carrying about 214 per cent of sulphides, mainly sphalerite, galena, pyrite, and arsenopyrite, together with native gold, native silver, tetrahedrite tellurides, argentite, and scheelite. The principal veins are the Little Giant, Rescue, Goodenough, Charity, and Knott. The Goodenough vein consists of from 2 to 20 em. of solid quartz with well-defined walls. The ore is high grade, showing native gold and sulphides including zinc blende, pyrite, ruby silver, and probably tetrahedrite and arsenopyrite. The sphalerite is rich in gold while the pyrite is poor.® The Rescue vein forms a belt of crushed granite 15 to 50 cm. in width, schistose in places and inclosing small veinlets of quartz containing foils of native gold. Scheelite accompanies gold in the Charity vein. In 1916 the production from four lode mines
was $12,441 in gold. KOOTENAI COUNTY
The Camas Cove or Tyson district had a production previous to 1905 of $500,000, entirely in placer gold.
LATAH COUNTY
Potlatch of Gold Creek district contains some gold placers. The production in 1905, for example, was 225 ounces of gold.
In the Moscow district some gold is produced from intermittent - placer operations. LEMHI COUNTY
In the Blackbird district gold occurs as low grade replacements of Algonkian quartzites and schists (Blackbird Copper-Gold Mining Co.) and as oxidized quartz veins containing native gold in quartz much stained by iron and manganese oxides (Musgrove group).
In the Carmen Creek district the Oro Cache, which is the principal deposit, is a gold-quartz vein following a fault in quartzite. The ore is mostly oxidized and is much stained by iron and manganese oxides. The primary ore, where encountered, contains some pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite. The Carmen Creek mine is a replacement deposit consisting of quartz lenses containing chalco- pyrite, pyrite, and bornite. Much of the vein is oxidized and native gold occurs with cerargyrite in cavities and along fractures in the secondary ore. A specimen from Umpleby’s collection shows
15 Waldemar Lindgren, U. S. Geol. Survey, 20th Ann. Rep., pt. 3, pp. 247-249, 1900.
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO 65
native goldjas pale yellow flakes and hackly grains associated with bornite in quartz. | ~ SPS
The Eldorado (Geertson) district contains the Eldorado and Ranger as the principal veins. These are brecciated zones with lenses of quartz containing native gold with pyrite, chalcopyrite, and rarely a little galena with their oxidation products. The placer of Bohannon Bar was early worked by Chinese. ‘The first 18 inches above bedrock is the most productive. The gold, which occurs as coarse flakes, fine grains, and small nuggets, is worth $18.60 an ounce. The total production is about $350,000, the annual produc- tion around 1910 being $15,000 to $20,000.
In the Eureka district the U. P. & Burlington, Queen of the Hills, and Tenday mines are coarse quartz veins in granite. The primary ore contains sulphides, chiefly pyrite with some chalcopyrite and rare galena in isolated grains, irregular bunches, and in some places in parallel bands. The gold is associated with the pyrite. The workings are entirely in the oxidized zone and primary ore is seldom found. The total production of the district is only about $150,000.
The Forney or Gravel Range district contains gold in veins of crustified quartz in rhyolite. The gold is very finely divided and distributed along dark bands in the ore which react for selenium. The original quartz is hard and flinty but it weathers to a sugary mass. The Monument, which is the principal mine, has a strong vein, while the Rabbitfoot has encountered only stringers of rich ore. The total production of the district is about $100,000. A few small placers have been worked by Chinamen.
The McDevitt district contains only one important gold mine, which is known as the Copper Queen and has a production of $100,000. The gangue is quartz with a little calcite, and the vein varies from a few centimeters to 3 meters in width. The gold occurs free in small grains associated with bornite and a little chalcopyrite and chalcocite.
The Gibbonsville district is credited with a gold production of $2,000,000, half of which is from the A. D. & M. mine. Other im- portant mines are the Clara Morris and Twin Brothers, while a number of lesser lodes have been opened. The primary ore consists of auriferous pyritic quartz, 60 per cent of the gold being inclosed in pyrite. The oxidized ore is heavily stained by iron and manganese oxides. .
The Indian Creek or Ulysses district has produced gold to the value of $600,000, mainly from the Ulysses and Kittie Burton mines. The ore bodies are tabular, flat lying quartz veins which are largely oxidized. Some sulphides occur locally.
The Kirtley Creek district contains the White Horse mine as its principal lode-gold deposit. The vein is irregular, with a filling of quartz containing native gold in small grains associated with the
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products formed by oxidation of primary pyrite, chalcopyrite, and galena. Gold-bearing placers occur along Kirtley Creek in the recent. stream gravels. At the upper end of the deposit the gold is confined to the bedrock but toward the lower end it is scattered throughout. the bottom 2 or 8 meters. It grades from the size of shot above to small flakes below, nuggets up to 75 cents in value being found only rarely.
The Leesburg district is credited with a placer production of $5,000,000 and a lode production of $225,000. The placer deposits in the Leesburg Basin cover 1,000 acres. The gold, most of which is confined to the first 40 centimeters above bedrock, is in coarse and fine grains with rare nuggets worth $15 to $20. The district, which was discovered in 1866, saw its greatest production in the first four years of its history. The population at that time was 7,000 and freight had to be brought by team from Fort Benton, Mont.
The Mackinaw district contains the Moose Creek placers, which cover 200 acres and have produced placer gold to the value of about $1,000,000. The gold, which is worth $19 an ounce, occurs in cracks in the bedrock, or up to 40 centimeters above bedrock, beneath the gravels 3 to 5 meters deep. The Beaver Creek placers have yielded $100,000. Lode-gold deposits of various types occur: (a) Quartz velns accompanied by stockworks in granite, including the Italian mine and adjacent properties, with a production of $175,000; the gold is accompanied by pyrite, sphalerite, and galena. (6b) Replace- ment auriferous pyrite-quartz lodes along faults between contact metamorphic sediments and granite; to this class belong the Gold Dust, Gold Reef, and Gold Flint mines. (c) Replacement along shear zones in schist by pyritic quartz accompanied by development of epidote and magnetite as in the Mayflower and Copper King veins. (d) Small auriferous quartz lenses in schist and in granite, including the Shoo Fly vein; these lenses are the source of the Moose Creek placer gold. (e) Coarse bluish quartz containing gold with auriferous chalcopyrite and sphalerite at the contact of a biotite-monzonite dike.
The Mineral Hill or Shoup district has a recorded gold production of $750,000, all of which is from lodes which are coarse quartz veins containing sulphides irregularly distributed. The sulphides, which include pyrite with less galena and sphalerite, are auriferous. Oxida- tion extends only to sHallow depths. The principal mines are chiefly the Monotech, which has produced $175,000; the Grunter, which produced $50,000 from ores near the surface; the Kentuck, Clipper Bullion, and Big Lead. Some small streaks of the ore are very rich.
The Parker Mountain district is similar to the Gravel Range dis- trict in that its veins are of late Tertiary age and are inclosed in Tertiary lavas. The gangue is quartz which contains adularia, and
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO 67
the gold occurs finely disseminated in dark selenium-bearing streaks. The production of the district has been small.
The Pratt Creek district contains only a single noteworthy gold mine, the Goldstone. The ore consists of quartz in which the gold occurs either in auriferous chalcopyrite or in its alteration products.
The Texas Creek or Gilmore district is predominantly a lead-silver district. One gold vein is known, however, the Martha vein, which is inclosed in limestone. The ore is largely oxidized and contains fine leaf and flake gold imbedded in limonite. The vein is the property of the Allie Mining Co., and the specimens have been distributed somewhat, in collections, the locality being given as the Allie mine.
The Yellowjacket district has a lode production of $450,000. The ores are fissure fillings and replacements. The gangue is coarse white quartz. Pyrite carries most of the gold, although in the Columbia mine the gold is contained in chalcopyrite. Some small placers have been worked.
ONEIDA COUNTY
The Cariboo mine in the Cariboo district contains massive aurifer- ous chalcopyrite and arsenopyrite, or auriferous malachite and chryso- colla, or spongy limonite formed by oxidation."
OWYHEE COUNTY
The Carson (War Eagle, Silver City, Florida Mountain) district contains a large number of rich veins which have made a very great production, the total production of the county, including the De Lamar and Mammoth districts, from earliest discoveries to the end of 1898 in precious metals amounting to a value of $27,963,652. The ratio of value between gold and silver in the production previous to 1880 is not known. From 1880 to 1898 the production was gold $6,477,065 and silver $8,080,065. The silver is generally predomi- nant in value as well as in weight but the ratio between the two metals varies abruptly from year to year and from mine to mine. Native gold is of universal occurrence associated with native silver and various sulphides and sulpho salts of silver, but is most abundant in oxidized ore. This gold is normally very pale yellow in color, repre- senting the high-silver alloy known as electrum. The veins are of post-Miocene age in granite, rhyolite, or basalt. They are normal fissure veins in which the ore mostly occurs as a typical filling of cavities, although some low-grade ores in rhyolite are formed by re- placement of country rock. The principal ore minerals are finely divided argentite and chalcopyrite, the latter being highly auriferous. The gangue consists of quartz and valencianite (orthoclase). The ratio of gold to silver varies even in the same mine, some very rich bodies of gold ore being found in predominantly silver mines and
18 Specimens Cat. No. 51869-51870, U.S.N.M.
68 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
vice versa. The principal lode mines, of which there are very many, are the Oro Fino system, including the Oro Fino, Ida Elmore, Golden Chariot, Minnesota, Mahogany, and Cumberland mines; the Poor- man system, including the Poorman, Silver Cord, and others; the Empire system and the Florida Mountain system, including the Black Jack, Trade Dollar, Mammoth, Tip Top, Ontario, and others. A specimen of high-grade gold ore from the stope between the 150 and 300 foot levels of the Black Jack mine, collected by KE. L. Jones, jr., contains abundant pale yellow grains of mossy gold in cavities in quartz from which the sulphides have been removed by oxidation. Specimens in the gold ore collections of the National Museum from this district include specimens from the Ida Hlmore, from the Mahogany mine, showing gold with finely disseminated argentite and native silver (Cat. Nos. 14774-14776, U.S.N.M.), from the South Chariot mine (Cat. No. 14,777, U.S.N.M.), and the Red Jacket mine (Cat. Nos. 14781-14782, U.S.N.M.). A specimen from the Minnesota mine contains gold with finely disseminated argentite in narrow banded quartz-adularia veins (Cat. Nos. 4477, 14783, 14784, U.S.N.M.). A specimen from the Carson mine shows gold in limonite in the center of coarse comb quartz veins (Cat. No. 4478, U.S.N.M.). A specimen of unoxidized ore from the Ida Elmore mine contains gold in rather large grains in bluish quartz with dissemiated sphalerite and galena (Cat. No. 65675, U.S.N.M.). A specimen from the same mine (Cat. No. 55786, U.S.N.M.) is a brilliant crystalline sponge of pale vellow gold. Placers, although now thoroughly exhausted, were worked extensively in this district in its earlier years. Jordan Creek and especially Blue Creek were ex- tensively washed. Rich pay was also found in the gulches leading eastward from War Magle Mountain. The richest placers led right up to the outcrops of the veins. Placer washing on a small scale continued for many years, chiefly by Chinese miners. One of their operations produced $20,000 in 1870. The placer gold is very pale in color and is worth only $10 an ounce. It is little worn. Two nuggets from Reynolds Creek, Booneville (Cat. No. 55777, U.S.N.M.), are well rounded and contain three-fourths quartz and one-fourth gold by volume.
The De Lamar district is a continuation of the Silver City district; the veins are filled fissures in rhyolite, accompanied by alteration of the country rock. The De Lamar, the principal mine, has produced about $6,000,000 in gold and silver. The ore is platy, laminated, pseudomorphous quartz (q. v.) containing only three-fourths of 1 per cent of metallic minerals. The values are chiefly in gold, although certain stopes produced rich silver ore. The greatest pro- duction was from 1891-1897. The other mines in the district, in- cluding the Henrietta, are principally silver producers.
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO 69
The Flint district is principally noted as a silver district, although the ores contain a little gold. The mines have been operated inter- mittently since 1865. The Rising Star, Leviathan, and Perseverance are the principal claims.
The Mammoth district contains large quartz veins containing auri- ferous pyrite, in granite. The production has been small.
Placers on Snake River in Owyhee County are worked in a small - way, the output being 38.35 ounces of gold in 1907 and the product for 1908 being valued at $870.
SHOSHONE COUNTY
The Coeur d’Alene district, although later better known for its lead-silver ores, began as a gold mining district and produced gold to the value of $4,710,489 previous to 1906. Native gold occurs in quartz veins in the Prichard slate (Algonkian) and in placer deposits of local derivation, particularly in that part of the district tributary to the north fork of the Coeur d’Alene River and adjacent to the town of Murray. Much of the quartz formerly mined was very rich and con- tained coarse free gold. The veins are narrow and the gold is errati- cally distributed or “‘pockety.” They are commonly very flat lying “blanket” veins following bedding planes in the black slates. The principal gangue is clean white quartz which in some veins, notably the Golden Chest and Golden Winnie (Friday), contains masses of pale brown scheelite. The sulphides commonly accompanying the gold are auriferous pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite. Although some galena isfound in the gold veins, these do not grade into silver-lead veins. The two types are distinct, gold being practically absent from the deposits worked for lead and silver. The principal mines are the Golden Chest and the Ophir Mountain mines, including the Yosemite, Daddy, Mother Lode, Treasure Box, and Occident, all on Prichard Creek east of Murray. The Yosemite, which was discovered in 1893, produced $500,000. The Buckeye Boy mine in Dream Gulch produced $25,000 from a pocket of rich ore in 1885,
‘some of the ore containing 550 ounces of gold a ton, and showing coarse native gold. The Crown Point mine in Trail Gulch has also yielded valuable ore.
Numerous other auriferous veins have been opened, one of the most recently discovered, the Pilot property of John Doctor having produced rich ore containing native gold and gold tellurides. Gold- bearing veins have also been worked to some extent east of Kellogg, on Elk Creek (Gold Bug), Gold Run (New Jersey mine), and Big Creek. These ores are mostly low grade on the average and the mines are now idle. A unique occurrence of gold in this district is in the Stanley antimony mine at Burke where thin, frost-like films of native gold occur coating cracks and rifts in coarse stibnite.
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The placers lie mainly on Prichard and Beaver Creeks or on streams tributary to them. The placers occur as bench gravels perched high on the hillsides and the alluvial deposits of the present stream bed. The latter were richest and were first worked mainly by panning and sluicing. Some of them were very rich, among the famous being the Widow and the Gillett, which in 1885 produced $25,000 from a single acre. Rich placers occurred also on Trail Creek, the Myrtle claim especially being noted for large nuggets. Many tributary streams have been worked. The old wash deposits (bench gravels) which have been worked by hydraulicking are not so rich as the recent gravels. The placer gold of the younger gravels is coarse, nuggets up to 40 ounces in weight having been found. These are usually somewhat rough and hackly and many of them contain some of the quartz in which they were originally embedded. The gold ranges in value from $15 to $18 an ounce. The total pro- duction of placer gold in 1905 amounted to about $50,000.
The St. Joe district has not made any noteworthy production of gold from lode mines. The St. Joe placer deposit is a gravel-covered flat at the head of the middle fork of the St. Joe River. Although discovered in 1870 this deposit has been worked only on the edges, the gravels being deep and so situated that drainage of them is not feasible. No great production has been made. Free gold occurs in quartz seams cutting the bedrock.
WASHINGTON AND ADAMS COUNTIES
The Meadows district is noted as containing the Rock Flat gold placer mine from which some gold has been mined. No adequate description of this deposit is available but some reports suggest that it may in part be a deeply weathered igneous intrusive rather than a gravel deposit. It is interesting, mineralogically, as the source of much corundum and a few diamonds.
The Mineral district may be considered an extension of the Blue Mountain district of Oregon. The Connor Creek, which is the principal mine, has produced about $2,000,000 in gold. The gold is native and is very coarse, associated with pyrite and argentite. It is worth $19 to $20 an ounce.
In the Seven Devils district some gold occurs in the contact metamorphic copper deposits. A specimen in the National Museum shows leaves and angular masses of gold in cavities in malachite. A little placer gold occurs below the Peacock claim.
ELECTRUM Alloy intermediate between gold and silver Au+Ag Isomeric.
Native gold is exceedingly variable in its content of silver as has been indicated in the value per ounce or fineness given for the gold from the various districts. The pale yellow alloy containing approxi-
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO via
mately equal parts by weight of gold and silver is given the varietal name electrum. Many of the lode mines of Idaho have produced gold high enough in silver to be properly designated by this name. A few examples may be mentioned.
ELMORE COUNTY
Vein gold from the Rocky Bar district contains 70 per cent gold and 30 per cent silver, computed from the assay value recorded.
IDAHO COUNTY
Placer gold from the Florence district is only 0.660 to 0.705 fine. Placer gold from the outcrops of the Thunder Mountain deposits contains 55 per cent of gold and 45 per cent of silver.
OWYHEE COUNTY
Practically all of the vein gold of the Silver City district is electrum. Placer gold from this district is very pale in color and contains about half gold and half silver.
MALDONITE BISMUTH GOLD
Gold bismuthide, Au Bip.
CUSTER COUNTY
Maldonite, the rare combination of bismuth and gold, has been reported to occur in the Empire claims of the Idaho-Montgomery Mining Co. in Washington Basin.!7 This report has not been authen- ticated. GOLD AMALGAM
Natural alloy of mercury and gold, Au+ Hg.
CUSTER COUNTY
A natural amalgam containing gold as well as silver occurring in the auriferous gravels of the Willis dredge property in Stanley Basin is described below under the heading Amalgam.
SILVER (14) Silver, Ag. Tsometric
Although nowhere very abundant, native silver is of rather com- mon occurrence in the oxidized portions of silver-bearing veins in Idaho. The principal occurrences are here listed.
BLAINE COUNTY
In Blaine County silver occurred in several mines of the Wood River district, especially the Bullion. A specimen labeled Neptune mine, Blaine County, in the National Museum (Cat. No. 56536, U.S.N.M.) shows thin folia and grains of native silver with mossy grains of argentite disseminated through altered granite.
17 Editorial. Eng. Mining Journ., vol. 83, p. 23, 1907.
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BOISE COUNTY
Silver in native form occurred rather abundantly in the richer silver ores of the Poorman mine, Banner district, where it was associ- ated with pyrargyrite, cerargyrite, polybasite, argentiferous galena, and gold.
BONNER COUNTY
Native silver occurs in small amount in the oxidized portions of the Weber and other veins near Lakeview on Lake Pend Oreille.
CUSTER COUNTY
Native silver occurs sparingly in Custer County as twisted wire- like filaments in cavities in the late Tertiary oxidized ores. In the Yankee Fork district wire silver, together with argentite and cerargy- rite, is mixed with manganese oxides. In the Charles Dickens mine it occurs with gold. In the Golden Sunbeam mine where electrum is present in the primary ore, native silver occurs with pure gold in the oxidized zones.'® In the Bayhorse district silver is found in leaf and wire forms in the Skylark and River View mines.
ELMORE COUNTY
In Elmore County silver occurred formerly in rich ores of the Atlanta district. Lessees on the Old Monarch ground on the At- lanta lode encountered a 6 centimeter streak of rusty quartz con- taining abundant native silver at the surface, with a streak of similar width containing ruby silver.
IDAHO COUNTY
In Idaho County native silver has been found in the Little Giant vein, Warren district, with tellurides, argentite, and bromides of silver.’
LEMHI COUNTY
Although rare, native silver has been found in the Texas district
and also in the Gold Flint property in the Mackinaw district. OWYHEE COUNTY
Native silver occurred rather sparingly in the Trade Dollar, Poor-
man, and other mines of the Silver City district. SHOSHONE COUNTY
Native silver constantly accompanies cerusite and other secondary
minerals in the oxidized portions of the silver-lead veins. It com-
monly appears in dendritic moss-like aggregates of distorted crystals strung into wires or forming spongy masses.
18 J. B. Umpleby, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 539, p. 58, 1913. 19 Waldemar Lindgren, U.S. Geol. Survey, 20th Ann. Rept., pt. 3, p. 246, 1900.
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO 7s
It occurs in open cavities in the cerusite ores, sometimes in con- siderable amount, notably in the Mammoth, Morning, You Like, Hercules, Poorman, Tyler, Bunker Hill, Caledonia, Sierra Nevada, and other veins. In the Tyler mine coarse aggregates of crystalline wires were attached loosely to cerusite crystals or imbedded in spongy limonite. One small cavity found by the writer in lease workings in 1912 yielded 9 ounces of such wire silver and a similar cavity in the Barney stope on this vein was said to have yielded enough loose silver to fill a nail keg. Delicate frost-like silver was common in the Sierra Nevada mine. In the Bunker Hill ores silver was not so common, but it occurred near the surface in the Blacksmith stope in white cerusite. The Caledonia mine probably supplied as much or more native silver than any other mine in the district. Here it occurred in cerusite and limonite and also as strings and wires in large amount in brecciated and leached white quartzite. Sometimes such quartzite yielded slabs of silver 3 millimeters in thickness and several centimeters in diameter. Thin foil also occurred in narrow cracks in the ores. In soft clayey gouge the native silver was inti- mately mixed with native copper and coarse dendritic wires of copper occasionally had a thin natural outer plating of silver.” In the Hercules mine native silver was common in the oxidized ores as the usual fine dendritic mossy aggregates and also in places as coarse wires. Some of the mossy silver was deposited on anglesite crystals.?! In the Yankee Boy mine on Big Creek native silver has been found as irregular hackly masses coated with manganese oxide. In the Snowstorm mine small grains of native silver occurred disseminated in white quartzite with small amounts of malachite.
WASHINGTON AND ADAMS COUNTIES
Native silver is reported to occur with horn silver, argentite, and cerusite in veins of the Heath district.
COPPER (15) Copper, Cu. Isometric.
ADAMS COUNTY Native copper occurs sparingly in the oxidized ores of the contact metamorphic copper deposits particularly in the South Peacock mine. BOISE COUNTY Copper has been noted in small amount in oxidized gold ore from the Coon Dog mine, Summit Flat district.
20 Earl V. Shannon. Economic Geology, vol. 8, p. 565, 1913. 41 Earl V. Shannon. Proc. U. S. National Museum, vol. 58, p. 441, 1920.
74 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CUSTER COUNTY
In the Alder Creek district thin films of copper occur along fractures on the 300-foot level of the Empire mine and also as small specks in nodules of cuprite.”
LATAB COUNTY
Native copper occurs in the oxidized ore of the Mizpah mine, Hoodoo district, along with malachite, copper pitch ore, and cuprite.
LEMHI COUNTY
Copper appeared occasionally in thin films along fractures in ores of the Indian Creek district and also in the Beaver Creek district.”
SHOSHONE COUNTY
Copper occurred rarely and in small amount in ores of the Snow- storm mine at Larsen. Fine crystallized specimens have been obtained from the Iron Mask mine. In the Caledonia mine copper is rather common in the oxidized ore in dendritic moss-like forms entirely like those characteristic of the native silver. These occur implanted upon cerusite or embedded in spongy limonite. In the Boyle stope small nugget-like masses of native copper were intimately mixed with similar masses of native silver. Crystalline wires of native copper occurring on the 700-foot level of this mine bore a thin outer plate of native silver. Native copper formerly occurred in similar wire-like forms at the Tyler mine.”
AMALGAM (17)
Silver amalgam sometimes with gold (Ag, Au, Hg). Isometric.
CUSTER COUNTY
Native amalgam has been reported from the gold-bearing gravels worked by the Willis dredge across the divide from Joe’s Gulch in the Stanley Basin district. The amalgam is associated with cinnabar, the latter mineral becoming more abundant as the dredge is moved upstream.” A sample of pan concentrate received from H. C. Willis, manager of the dredge, consists largely of brannerite or a similar radioactive black mineral associated with which is considerable cinnabar and a few grains of amalgam. The largest grain of the latter, when selected from the concentrate and heated in a closed tube, gave a sublimate of mercury. The remaining metallic mass was malleable and after being flattened with a hammer was heated with nitric acid. The residue was yellow gold and the nitric acid gave a
2J.B.Umpleby. U.S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 97, p. 52, 1917. 23J.B. Umpleby. U.S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 528, p. 76, 1913. 24 Karl V. Shannon, Econ. Geol., vol. 8, p. 565, 1913.
23 W. Howard McBride. Oral communication. 2° J.B. Umpleby and D.C. Livingston. Idaho State Bur. Mines and Geol., Bull. 3, p. 16, 1920.
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO 75
copious precipitate of silver chloride with hydrochloric acid. The amalgam apparently contains more gold than silver. It seems probable, from a study of this sample, that the gold and mercury have been derived from different sources and that amalgamation has taken place in the gravels. That the mercury is native and not lost from placer mining operations is indicated by the abundance of cinnabar.
LEAD (18) Lead, Pb. Isometric.
Native lead is a very rare mineral which has been found in two widely separated districts in Idaho.
BLAINE COUNTY
In Blaine County, in the Wood River district, native lead has been found with minium at the Jay Gould mine in the midst of masses of galena. The metallic lead is in the form of small rounded grains from 3 to 5 mm. in diameter and sometimes in irregularly reniform bunches weighing 25 grams or more, usually coated with minium.?’ Other specimens show native lead without any galena, running through a mass of quartz which is stained red by minium. The quartz is somewhat cracked and the pieces are held in place by fila- ments of lead. A white coating of lead carbonate appears in a few small cavities. The lead is argentiferous.”§
A specimen from near Hailey (Cat. No. 48832, U.S.N.M.) received from Baldwin Moore in 1890 consists of native lead in masses and filaments with galena in compact anglesite of a gray color.
In 1923 C.P. Ross, of the United States Geological Survey, obtained a small specimen of native lead from the Arizona mine a little north of
the Bullion. SHOSHONE COUNTY
In the Coeur d’Alene district, in Shoshone County, a single speci- men from the upper workings of the Mammoth mine at Mace showed native lead as two stout wires projecting from a mass of granular galena.”” The material occurring in many mines and especially in certain stopes of the Bunker Hill mine, which is called “pure lead”’ by the miners, is a very finely compacted form of galena which is sectile, soft, and shows no granular structure.
PLATINUM (20) Platinum alloyed with iron and other metals. Pt., Fe. Isometric.
Platinum in very small amount has been reported to occur in a number of counties in Idaho, but definite data amplifying these several
27 W.P. Blake. Amer. Jour. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 25, p. 161, 1883. 2 W.F. Hillebrand. U.S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 20, p. 99, 1885. 22 W. Howard McBride. Oral communication, 1911.
76 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
reports have not been available, except in the case of the Minidoka
occurrence as follows: MINIDOKA COUNTY
David T. Day investigated a number of black sands from Idaho with especial reference to their platinum content, and reported that several of them contained platinum, the richest, a Snake River black sand from near Minidoka, assaying 0.018 ounces of platinum to the ton.*! Bell carefully investigated this occurrence and found that the residue yielding this result represented a concentration from the gravels of several thousand to one. The platinum occurs in the fine sands along Snake River but is too thinly scattered to be of commercial value. It is associated with the gold in the gravels but can not be detected by panning, although invariably encountered in cleaning amalgam. In the operation of the Sweetzer-Burroughs dredge near Minidoka platinum was always observed at clean-up time as ashy gray particles which floated when the amalgam was thinned with mercury for the purpose of separating foreign materials from the gold. One-fourth ounce of platinum obtained in this manner is in the possession of Louis Sweetzer of Rupert, Idaho. The heavy minerals of the concentrate form about one-fourth to one-third of 1 per cent of the gravel and after the free gold is amalgamated out the residue assays less than $5 a ton in gold. After amalgamation one sample of black sand assayed $3 a ton in gold, with only a trace of platinum.
IRON (25) Native metallic iron. Fe. Isometric.
LEMHI COUNTY
No occurrence of terrestrial iron is known in the State. For the sake of completeness it seems desirable to mention the metallic iron of a small meteorite which was found in 1895 in placer washings on Hayden Creek in Lemhi County. This object was kidney shaped and weighed about 275 grams. The metal showed coarse octahedral structure on etched surfaces and was rich in ferrous chloride. So far as known no analysis has ever been made.*?
REALGAR (26) Arsenic monosulphide, As 8S. Monoclinic. CASSIA COUNTY
Dr. KE. S. Larsen found that the pulverulent red mercurial material of the ore from the Black Pine cinnabar prospects in Cassia County contained considerable arsenic and writes that it is probably a mixture
#0 F.C. Schrader. U.S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 624, p. 120, 1917. *! David T. Day and R. H. Richards. U.S. Geol. Survey. Mineral Resources U. S. for 1905, p. 1195.
8 Robert N. Bell. Ann. Rept. State Inspector of Mines for 1906, p. 115. Boise. 33 W. E. Hidden. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 9, p. 367, 1900.
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THE MINERALS OF IDAHO ty
of cinnabar and realgar. This is further shown by its oxidation near the surface, which gives rise to considerable amounts of scorodite.*4
STIBNITE (28)
ANTIMONY GLANCE
Antimony sulphide, SbS3. Orthorhombic.
This mineral is the principal ore of the metal antimony. A num- ber of deposits are known in Idaho and although under normal con- ditions these can not be worked in competition with imported metal, considerable amounts of antimony have at times past been produced from them. Well crystallized stibnite specimens have not been seen, although large masses of pure stibnite make good cabinet ma- terial. The principal occurrences are as follows:
BLAINE COUNTY
Stibnite is reported to occur in considerable quantities in the Sawtooth Range, but no adequate description of the deposits is available. The so-called antimony or stibnite of the Minnie Moore, Independence, North Star, and other lead mines of the Hailey Quadrangle, Wood River (Mineral Hill) district has all been found upon examination to be boulangerite.
BOISE COUNTY
In rich ores of the Boise Basin region at the Mountain Chief, Belshazzar, Gold Hill, and other mines, stibnite has long been re- ported to occur as an associate of gold. This supposed stibnite has proven, upon examination, to be either bismuth sulphide or a bismuth- lead sulphide.
BONNER COUNTY
Stibnite occurs in massive form intergrown with other sulphides in silver ore in the Weber mine south of Lake Pend d’Oreille sometimes in fair amount and it also occurs as the ore of an antimony prospect near Smith’s ranch on Chloride Creek 4 miles south of the town of Lakeview."
CUSTER COUNTY Antimony glance has been reported from Custer County, but nothing could be learned regarding the deposits.
IDAHO COUNTY
In Deadwood Gulch just off the road between Oro Grande and Elk City, stibnite occurs as a replacement in granite adjacent to a quartz vein.®
330 #.S. Larsen. Univ. of Idaho Sch. of Mines Bull. 2, pp. 65-67, 1920. 84 Edward Sampson. U.S. Geol. Survey. Oral communication. 85D. C. Livingston. U. of Idaho Sch. of Mines Bull. 2, 1919.
78 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
OWYHEE COUNTY
Stibnite occurs abundantly in the Flint district in silver bearing quartz veins. In the Rising Star mine needles and blades of this mineral up to 5 cm. in length occurred with silver minerals in coarse white comb quartz (Cat. No. 1287, U.S.N.M.). In the Flint mine it is abundant as granular masses in quartz in the upper levels, espe- cially the third level, and decreases in amount with depth. In the Mammoth district stibnite occurs in seams of bluish quartz on the hanging wall of a large gold-silver-bearing quartz vein in the Sunset Claim on Boulder Creek 1144 miles above Duvall Ranch. In the Shore Claims on East Creek stibnite in masses up to 30 cm. in width is abundant in white quartz.
SHOSHONE COUNTY
Stibnite has been mined from a number of deposits in the Coeur d’Alene district in Shoshone County and two small plants were built years ago to reduce the ore or convert it to oxide. The oldest mine is that known as the Coeur d’Alene Antimony, immediately beside the stream near the mouth of Pine Creek. The vein lies in a strongly crushed zone along a flat fissure, possibly a thrust fault, in typical blue slaty argillites and shales of the Prichard formation. There is no marked dissimilarity in the wall rocks on the two sides of the fissure. In one exposure the footwall of the fissure contained a large number of seams of translucent quartz 1 to 2 cm. wide which con- tain some pyrite but no stibnite, and cut off by the quartz of the stibnite vem. These do not occur in the hanging wall at this point. The ore-bearing vein lies in the center of the crushed zone and has an average width of half a meter, but in places reaches 2 meters. The filling consists of semitranslucent to opaque white quartz carry- ing varying proportions of stibnite. Mven where there is no visible stibnite the quartz has a cloudy appearance and gives a reaction for antimony. Minute light colored grains of sphalerite occur dissem- inated in the quartz but no galena is known in the vein. The vein quartz is everywhere checked by close-spaced fractures which are less noticeable in the richer ore. There are some indications that the stibnite may be later and a replacement of the quartz. The stibnite is said to be entirely confined to the quartz and never occurs in the walls of the vein or in the gouge of the fissure.
The mill concentrates carry some gold and the statement was made by the manager of the mine that the gold content ran higher when much footwall rock was milled. The footwall contains numerous isolated crystals, streaks and bunches of crystalline yellow pyrite similar to that occurring throughout the Prichard rocks in the Pine Creek area. The pyrite stringers are cut by the small quartz seams which, in turn, are older than the stibnite vein. Since the above
THE MINERALS OF IDAHO 79
statement implied that the pyrite was auriferous, several gold assays were made by W. McM. Huff with the following results: Pyrite in slate from footwall, 50 per cent pyrite, $0.41 a ton; quartz of spur veins from footwall, gold, none; quartz from main vein containing microscopic needles of stibnite and rare grains of sphalerite, $1.66 gold aton. These results show that the idea that the gold is derived from the pyrite of the footwall is erroneous. The gold, like the anti- mony, is practically confined to the quartz of the main vein. At the exposure of the vein on the surface it consists of crushed quartz and wall rock cemented into a breccia by limonite and dirty white oxides of antimony. Apparently the vein was as rich in antimony at the present surface as at any point exposed below. The antimony- bearing portion appears to form a lens lying in the fissure and the vein can be traced some distance beyond the workings. ‘The ore is all confined to the one vein, although there has been no crosscutting done in search of other veins. No arsenopyrite or other arsenic mineral was seen. The general trend of the vein is N. 25° E. and the dip is from 35° to 50° NW.*
A number of other veins carrying notable amounts of stibnite have been prospected on Pine Creek in recent years. None of these ex- cept a small lens of stibnite in the Sherman mine has been seen by the writer. Several carloads of ore have been shipped from the Star Antimony mine located on the ridge between the Hast Fork of Pine Creek and Stewart Creek. Stibnite forms the ore and occurs as a replacement both of crushed slate and vein quartz. A little pyrite and sphalerite are associated with the stibnite and the ore contains some gold. A rich streak of sheared stibnite up to 50 cm. in width occupies the center of the vein. The Pearson prospect on a tributary to Ross Fork of Pine Creek produced 50 tons of stibnite ore in 1916. The stibnite replaces sheared slate along a fissure and calcite crystals line cavities in the ore. Several tons of stibnite have also been ob- tained from the Hannibal claims 1,800 feet south of the Pearson.*7
The Stanley antimony-gold mine in Gorge Gulch about a mile above Burke produced considerable stibnite ore in 1906 and again in 1915-16. The ore is coarse bladed stibnite in quartz which con- tains minute grains of yellow sphalerite. The country rock is slaty quartzite of the Burke formation and inclusions of wall rock in the quartz of the vein contain disseminated crystals of pyrite and arseno- pyrite. ‘The ore near the surface contains numerous secondary oxida- tion products.** Films of native gold occasionally coat rifts in the stibnite. Some small lenses of stibnite occur along a fissure in the
% The above notes are from observations made by the writer in 1915 in company with Lon Brainerd, then manager of the mine. A more recent description appears by E. L. Jones, jr., Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 710, p. 32, 1920.
7 E. L. Jones, jr. U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 710, pp. 33-34, 1920.
88 Earl V. Shannon. Amer. Min., vol. 3, p. 23, 1918.
80 BULLETIN 131, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Benton mine which adjoins the Stanley. The Hougland mine, 8 ©
miles from Burke has produced considerable stibnite from flat-lying quartz veins. At one time an oxide plant was operated at this property.
In the Coeur d’Alene district the stibnite occurs entirely in dis- tinct antimony veins which have many features in common with each other, but are different from the several other classes of deposits in this region. Stibnite is not known to occur in galena-bearing veins, the so-called stibnite of the Gold Hunter, Bunker Hill, and other mines all being boulangerite or a related sulpho-salt of lead.
VALLEY COUNTY *
Stibnite, very clean and free from other sulphides, occurs on the rim of Yellow Pine Basin. The country rock is granite containing dikes of aplite and pegmatite and gold-bearing magmatic quartz veins. The sulphide ore reaches practically to the surface, there being only a thin skin of oxides. East of Johnson Creek there are two or three distinct quartz-stibnite veins. One of these which is traceable for 1,200 meters shows from 15 to 45 cm. of pure stibnite. At one point there are several lenses of practically pure antimony sulphide, the largest 114 meters wide with a length of 10 to 12 meters. The stibnite occurs both as a vein filling and as an irregular replacement in the surrounding granite pegmatite formation. On the west side of Johnson Creek the cliffs rise abruptly from a steep talus slope. The cliff face, composed of a siliceous rock, possibly alaskite, is 150 meters high and over a mile long and contains sporadically distributed buches of stibnite. Bowlders in the talus of 3 or 4 tons weight are one-fourth this mineral which appears to represent segregated bunches throughout the rock mass of the cliff. Samples of the granitic rock of the region contain one-half of 1 per cent of antimony in micro- scopic grains. Similar deposits of antimony ore are reported from the same general region, notably at Cinnabar and near Edwards- burg.”
BISMUTHINITE (29) BISMUTH GLANCE Bismuth sulphide, Bi,S;. Orthorhombic. BOISE COUNTY
Bismuthinite occurs commonly in several gold mines of the Boise Basin region where it has frequently been mistaken for stibnite.
39 A new county created from a part of Idaho County. Its localities for most minerals are mentioned under Idaho County.
40 D.C. Livingston. Univ. of Idaho School of Mines Bull. 2, pp. 49-51, 1920. See also R.N. Bell. 20th Ann. Rept. Mining Industry of Idaho, p. 99, 1918.
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THE MINERALS OF IDAHO
81
~ Inrich ore from the No. 4 tunnel of the Mountain Chief mine, Quartz-
burg district, it occurs as small grains and prisms showing brilliant
cleavage scattered through quartz which con- tains large pale fragile crystals of pyrite. The mineral also occurs in the form of minute prisms in small cavities between quartz crys- tals, some of which are bent and curved like stibnite crystals. The mineral closely resembles galenobismutite from the Belzazzar mine in the same area but before the blowpipe it gave quali- tative reactions only for bismuth and sulphur with no lead. A pure sample separated with heavy solutions and partially analyzed gave 0.60 per cent of lead and no copper. A crystal selected from one of the cavities of the speci- men gave approximate measurements indicating the angles of bismuthinite but with 3 forms apparently new for this species. The anyles are given in the following table while the habit and development of the crystal are shown in Figure 1. The letters used to designate the supposedly new forms are those assigned to the corresponding planes on stibnite. The dif- ferences between measured and_ calculated angles is due to the poor signals produced by the etched and striated faces.
BT ESAS
/ Ba TPS
Fic. 1.—BISMUTHINITE,
CRYSTAL FROM MoOuN- TAIN CHIEF MINE, BOISE